Claims—GoodMusician440

Posted on February 16, 2023 by goodmusician440

“Different studies of the children of American World War II, Korea, and Vietnam vets with PTSD have turned up different results: “45 percent” of kids in one small study “reported significant PTSD signs”; “83 percent reported elevated hostility scores.” Other studies have found a “higher rate of psychiatric treatment”; “more dysfunctional social and emotional behavior”; “difficulties in establishing and maintaining friendships.”

This is a really good example of a quantitative claim since there are multiple different measurements and things occurring in these studies, which could question reliability, especially since one study here in particular is said to have a “higher rate of psychiatric treatment”.

“The symptoms were similar to what those researchers had seen before, in perhaps the most analyzed and important population in the field of secondary traumatization: the children of Holocaust survivors.”

When you are comparing something, especially when it comes to comparing and contrasting two different things, you are making an analogy claim, which this example here is exactly doing. It could also be categorized as a comparative claim since the emphasize of “most” is used in this context.

“She is not, according to Brannan, “a normal, carefree six-year-old.”

This is an evaluative claim. He defines what is considered a “normal, carefree six year old” by observing her behaviors and evaluating them, and according to the text, she does act differently. This can also be an attributive claim since it is “according to Brannan”.

 “But then in 2003, a team of Dutch and Israeli researchers meta-analyzed 31 of the papers on Holocaust survivors’ families, and concluded—to the fury of some clinicians—that when more rigorous controls were applied, there was no evidence for the intergenerational transmission of trauma.”

This is a casual claim. This shows the cause and effect of doing a certain experiment or attempting something, and here, it showed the end result of adding more rigorous controls, which is that there was no evidence of trauma.

Posted in GoodMusician, PTSD Claims | 2 Comments

Stone Money- PitandThePendulum

Posted on February 15, 2023 by pitandthependulum22

Money: The Perfect Illusion

If all currency were to disappear today, one could expect results of apocalyptic proportions. Think Great Depression, The Purge, and The Walking Dead (minus the zombies, of course) all at once. Without money, the world would be instantaneously thrown into Dark Ages: The Sequel. As civilized people, we want to believe that we wouldn’t immediately become violent, rampaging beasts if our currency systems were to disappear. We, as people, tend to like to believe that we are above that. But we are inherently violent creatures, evolved to fight off predators, survive cold and heat and plague, and believe in an imaginary system called ‘money’ that dictates out everyday lives.

The concept of the Island of Yap seems absolutely ludicrous to us. The idea that large, circular carved stones being used as currency is completely unfathomable in comparison to our magic glowing boxes that can purchase goods with just a tap at a register. Milton Friedman in “The Island of Stone Money” explains that when the Germans arrived at the island, they began to ‘claim’ the currency by marking them with large black x’s in spray paint. This worked as an immediate deterrent, and the people of Yap began to fall into an impoverished state. When the state send out agents to scrub the crosses off the stone, the people of Yap were instantly returned to their previous wealthy state. Though the concept of stone currency is a foreign one, the feeling of having money and then having it taken away is familiar. The Great Depression is a prime example of this. Society fell into complete chaos after money that people had never even seen ‘disappeared’ and left them with ‘nothing’. While we may scoff at the residents of Yap and their nontraditional currency, its principles are similar to the ones we are so familiar with.

NPR’s “The Invention of Stone Money” podcast offers a counterintuitive view into the fictional nature of the value that society places upon currency. In Act One, residents of Brazil recount the drastic inflations rates that their country underwent, and how all of a sudden, their currency was viciously devalued. Prices for necessary goods were constantly fluctuating, and the government’s solution to this? Instead of working to find a solution to bring value back to their money, officials simply sat down and, with the push of a button, created more valueless currency to circulate. For such an ‘important’ pillar of society, money is incredibly easy to create and circulate, despite its value.

Anne Renault explores the fictional nature of ‘monetary value’ in “The Bubble Bursts on E-Currency Bitcoin”. Within the article, she explains the ludicrous nature of E-Currency, money that has no physical trace or value other than in the virtual world. Having spent millions of dollars on one single coin, purchasers were mortified to find that when the Bitcoin economy experienced its first crash, their money flew out the metaphorical window and virtually disappeared, leaving them with a valueless piece of code. This look into the world of E-Commerce further drives home the point that money, even outside of this form, can be devalued and rendered just as useless in the same amount of time.

After taking a counterintuitive approach into the world of finances, it is safe to assume that money only possesses the value that we put on it. The little green slips of paper or numbers in a code in a bank account are only worth as much as we deem them to be worth. When we stop thinking in dollar signs and start valuing things not based upon their monetary worth and resell value, is when we as a society, will be able to move past our primitive ‘stone money’.

References

“The Island of Stone Money” by Milton Friedman, 1991

NPR’s “The Invention of Money Podcast”

“The Bubble Bursts on E-Commerce Bitcoin” by Anne Renault, 2013

Posted in Grade Please, PitAndThePendulum, Stone Money | Leave a comment

Claims Task-rowanstudent6

Posted on February 15, 2023 by rowanstudent6

The following two sentences display a comparative claim as it begins with a comparison of Caleb to his former physical self before comparing him to other wounded veterans. While other veterans may be missing limbs, Caleb is faced with the mental scars of warfare.

“Now, he’s rounder, heavier, bearded, and long-haired, obviously tough even if he
weren’t prone to wearing a COMBAT INFANTRYMAN cap, but still not the guy you
picture when you see his “Disabled Veteran” license plates. Not the old ‘Nam guy
with a limp, or maybe the young legless Iraq survivor, that you’d expect”

The following sentence is a categorical claim as it categorizes sounds that would be heard in the home of this family from Alabama. This shows that they have chosen a quiet town to settle down in as to not trigger Caleb’s PTSD. However, this may be more prone to trigger his responses as he can hear everything, even a cat walking.

“You can hear the cat padding around. The air conditioner whooshes, a clock ticks.”

The following sentence is a factual claim as it explains what their German Shepard is expected to do to help deal with Caleb’s triggers.

“Their German shepherd, a service dog trained to help veterans with PTSD, is ready to alert Caleb to triggers by barking, or to calm him by jumping onto his chest”

The follow sentences are comparative claims as they compare Brannan’s situation with her husband to other wives who she helps consults. She explains how her situation is better by comparison.

“This PTSD picture is worse than some, but much better, Brannan knows, than those that have devolved into drug addiction and rehab stints and relapses. She has not, unlike military wives she advises, ever been beat up”

The following is an evaluative claim as it evaluates the usual behaviors of Brannan and Caleb and how that effects their household.

“Brannan and Caleb can be tense with their own agitation, and tense about each other’s”

The following is an evaluative claim as it explains that Brannan’s wedding dress is in a higher quality than expected as she and Caleb got married before she turned 20.

“The Vineses’ wedding album is gorgeous, leather-bound, older and dustier than you might expect given their youth”

Posted in PTSD Claims, rowanstudent6 | 1 Comment

Claims – Water

Posted on February 15, 2023 by Water

Section 4

“Granted, diagnosing PTSD is a tricky thing.”

This is an Ethical claim, being that the process of diagnosing PTSD can be difficult

“The result of a malfunctioning nervous system that fails to normalize after trauma and instead perpetrates memories and misfires life-or death stress for no practical reason, it comes in a couple of varieties, various complexities, has causes ranging from one lightning-fast event to drawn-out terrors or patterns of abuse”

This is a combination of Definition, and Factual claim. The sentence begins by defining what PTSD is and how one can get this mental disorder, the factual aspect is how the scientific explanation of one having PTSD is by going through a traumatic event where the nervous system and brain fail to comprehend/calm down creating ripples in the brain where anything that resembles the event will cause the person to experience an episode.

“in soldiers, the incidence of PTSD goes up with the number of tours and amount of combat experienced.”

This Quantitative claim states that the increase in PTSD diagnosis correlates to the number of times soldiers go on tours and experience combat.

“Doctors have to go on hunches and symptomology rather than definitive evidence.”

The word “have” makes this sentence a Recommendation/Proposal claim that doctors rely on hunches making the reader think that these scientists could be doing a poor job of diagnosing

“the fact that the science hasn’t fully caught up with the suffering, that Caleb can’t point to something provably, biologically ruining his life, just makes him feel worse. It’s invalidating.”

The keywords such as “suffering … ruining his life … feel worse … invalidating” lead towards the Ethical/Moral claim, creating an opportunity for the reader to have empathy for Caleb; who is going through PTSD and science can’t help him.

“Now if you’re knocked unconscious, or have double vision, or exhibit other signs of a brain injury, you have to rest for a certain period of time, but that rule didn’t go into effect in theater until 2010, after Caleb was already out of the service.”

This is a combination of Evaluative, Illustrative, and Ethical/Moral claims. After being diagnosed with PTSD, a ruling had been passed to prevent injuries or creating scary events, but it had already been too late for Caleb since the ruling got passed down after his service, this illustrates to the reader that if the ruling had been created earlier Caleb would suffer less. As a reader it makes you wish you could help and fight for those who suffer from PTSD and think of ways to prevent any more people from being affected by traumatic events.

Posted in PTSD Claims, Waterdrop | 1 Comment

Claims—chickennugget246

Posted on February 15, 2023 by chickennugget246

Section 14: 

Meanwhile people like James Peterson, husband of Kateri of the Olive Garden breakdown, are signing up for experiments. 

This could be an example of an evaluative claim since it is deciding on the grouping of individuals who are like Peterson and want to sign up for experiments. It could also be a comparative and a categorical claim by putting these individuals into a category by stating the phrase, “people like James Peterson” are signing up for experiments.

James was so anxious and so suicidal that he couldn’t even muster the self – preservation to get into inpatient treatment. 

The above is an example of an evaluative claim because it expresses the type of claim that places some sort of responsibility and/or judgement on the person/situation and uses a phrase such as, “so anxious.” Also, it uses words such as, “you need to do this or die.” It could also be an example of a causal claim since it states that in-patient therapy is a way to avoid suicide, hence giving the reader a prediction of what will occur.

With three kids, eight, five, and two, and Kateri’s full-time job – as a VA nurse, actually – she could no longer manage his emotional plus physical problems: rheumatism consults, neuro consults for TBI, plus a burning rash on both feet he got in Fallujah in 2004. 

Categorical claims suggest a list of symptoms, emotional and physical, and some specific examples, such as rheumatism, neuro, and a rash. It could be an evaluative claim since there is a possibility that others could have managed better than Kateri. It could also be a causal claim since it states that the Fallujah tour caused the rash.

Chemical exposure, stress reaction, no one knows, but the skin cracks and opens up raw with lesions sometimes.

This, too, could be a categorical claim because it is naming examples of symptoms that belong within a certain category. 

Kateri writes me that just moments after the injection, he “went from balls – to – the – wall PTSD to BOOM chill.”

His reaction from an injection suggests here that this excerpt is a causal claim since the information given is an idea of what resulted in a certain situation, it shows the outcome of the problems he was facing.

That’s when her symptoms got worse, precipitating another meltdown, this time at a steakhouse where she took him to celebrate his newfound calm.

Much like the other time when the person was feeling a similar way and expressing similar symptoms at another restaurant. This excerpt follows the comparative claim and is comparing the way he felt in another scenario, as well as, the scenario he is in now.

They’d “assumed the normal positions,” she with her back to the restaurant, he facing it so he could monitor everyone, and suddenly, a server dropped a tray out of her periphery, setting her circulatory system off at million miles a minute. 

Causal claims show cause and effect and consequences to certain environments. It also shows and expresses the reaction, the physical reaction, all while in this very particular situation. 

“When you’ve become hypervigilant, the place you are most functional is on the battlefield,” McGill’s Brunet explains.

The attributive claim here suggests that Brunet is explaining what happens when you are hypervigilant.  

Posted in ChickenNugget, PTSD Claims | 10 Comments

Stone Money – Anonymous123

Posted on February 15, 2023 by anonymous123

Money = Fiction

What is money? Seriously, what makes money, money? Everything has a dollar amount price to it. Like we all know, the small, green, rectangle piece of paper that is worth something. Either is worth $1, $5, $10, $20, $50, or $100. What makes this piece of paper worth so much. Nothing. Nothing makes it worth anything either than the government telling us that. I can go somewhere and exchange my green piece of paper for food, clothes, etc. If I buy a shirt that is worth $25. Why cant I go somewhere and use that $25 shirt to buy $25 worth of food? Because the government says so. It’s weird isn’t it? How you can run a whole nation by simply saying, hey, this piece of paper is what you’ll be using to purchase goods or services. What we call dollar bills would be meaningless if they weren’t said to be something by the government.

After reading Freidman’s essay I was told about the situation of the stone money. I was told about money that was being used in the for of stone sculptors on an island called Yap. I mean c’mon, people were freaking out over a piece of stone. Well this was because they were told that this piece of stone was worth something of great value. And that’s all that needs to be said. The islanders were on a mission to retrieve more of this fei from an island. As they were on their way home, a storm arose and to save their lives they needed to abandon the fei in the ocean. As they got back they told the authority and they responded that the fei holds it value. No matter where it is, people can own it. Now this sounds absurd! I can pass along this piece of stone that is lost somewhere in the ocean from one another. Now this is shows exactly how money is fiction. When the German Government assumed the ownership of The
Caroline Islands the roadways were very poor. And they needed them to be fixed by the islanders. So they put some x’s across the stone pieces to show them that it was theirs now until the roads where fixed. The islanders immediately got to work so they could get their stone money back in their possession. This really proves to us that value can be put on anything. Even today as these name brands get to sell a pair of shoes for thousands of dollars. It is all basically because people said that having that item is a flex or is of great value. As well as the Bank of France feared that the U.S. would not stick to the gold standard at the traditional price of $20.67 an ounce of gold. They asked to buy the gold off from the federal bank of New York. And to avoid shipping of the gold they just had it to be put into a separate drawer and labeled it as France’s. Then the markets called French gold reserves as stronger. Just for having some gold thousands of miles away labeled as theirs made them “stronger”.

Then I went on to listen to the NPR broadcast. This broadcast really enlightened me in ways that I never thought about money. They talked about how a trillion dollars just disappeared during the stock market collapse. And we were all hit with the question, well where did that money go? And they went on to say that the money never existed. This just hit me. I was like, how could a trillion dollars just never exist? But then they went on to say that houses used to be worth a certain amount, but then that amount lowered. And they said it was this way for numerous things. And then it all kind of clicked. If someone says this house is worth $500,000 then in a few years they say its worth $400,000. That $100,000 never existed, it was just kind of said to be there. And when the prices for the housing market dropped that’s when it seen as a whole lot of money just disappearing. This really made a whole lot of sense to me. I’ve never thought about money the way I am right now. Then they also went on to explain how you really don’t know how much physical money there really is. Lets say I put a few thousand dollars into the bank. Then a number gets added to my bank account but that money isn’t really there. That money gets loaned out to someone, then the money they got loaned gets spent on something else, then the money that was spent on whatever just keeps getting tossed around or maybe put in someone else bank account. The money we see in our bank accounts are no more than just a number. That money isn’t really just sitting there waiting for us to grab it, its all virtual numbers being sent around. I mean at this point, the NPR broadcast has me rethinking everything. I am so baffled now that this was brought to my attention. Money is fake, it doesn’t exist in certain areas and is only said to be there.

I then went on to read about bitcoin. I’m sure we have all head of it. Bitcoin is a a virtual currency designed to act as money. On a day in 2013 bitcoin has risen to a great new high of $266. Several days after the coin has dropped to only $54. First of all, I find it pretty crazy that we can now buy a virtual coin and sell it for an absurd amount of money. But the main problem with bitcoin was that it was very unpredictable. The believed that as bitcoin grew that so would the infrastructure around it which would make it more stable. Bitcoin is also a big target for hackers as it just sits in a virtual wallet on your computer. Bitcoin could also be mined by anyone with a computer. It is very difficult but possible. Another thing that is insane is that you can go on your computer and “mine” for a virtual coin that people give value.

In conclusion money is only given value because people with authority give it value. Money is imaginary and can be literally anything if the right person says so as we saw in the story of the stone money. But overall listen and reading these sources shed a whole new light on the way I perceive money now.

References

Friedman, M. (n.d.). 1991 island stone money – hoover institution. “The Island of Stone Money”. Retrieved February 15, 2023, from https://miltonfriedman.hoover.org/internal/media/dispatcher/215061/full

The invention of money. This American Life. (2018, February 19). Retrieved February 15, 2023 https://www.thisamericanlife.org/423/the-invention-of-money

Renaut, A. (n.d.). The bubble bursts on e-currency bitcoin. Yahoo! News. Retrieved February 15, 2023 https://sg.news.yahoo.com/bubble-bursts-e-currency-bitcoin-064913387–finance.html

Posted in Anonymous123, Stone Money | Leave a comment

PTSD Claims—pinkmonkey32

Posted on February 15, 2023 by pinkmonkey32

“Way up north, and nearly as west as you can go, in Ferry County, Washington, there’s a little town with no stoplights by the name of Republic. “- Factual claim because this can be proven

“There’s an abundance of parks and lakes and campgrounds”– catagorical claim

““Yeah,” a county commissioner says, squinting against the afternoon sun, speaking of the high proportion of Vietnam veterans who live here, “they wanted to get away from society. And for the most part, they’ve blended in really well.”” – atributive claim because its taking anothers words

“Back in the ’90s, Danna served three counties and some 5,000 former soldiers via the center she founded, established nonprofit status for, and got the VA to recognize and reimburse. A 2000 VA budget crunch led to her clinic’s contract being terminated—and her husband’s disability pay ended when he killed himself in 2001. “– factual claims becuase these can be reserched and proven

“ VVW now has more modest but no less determined facilities: a camouflage-painted mobile home planted among tree-dotted hills. Today, VVW is dedicating a new, second building, a log safe house open 24 hours a day so vets who feel themselves becoming episodic have someplace to go”-Catagorical claim because its catagorizing these things as determined facilities

“Between 200 and 300 people show up, a big turnout in a county of 7,500 spread over 2,000 square miles”– factual claim because it can be proven

“She tells me that VVW’s No. 1 priority has always been helping vets figure out how to get their benefits.”- ethical or moral claim becuase its claiming they are doing all they can

“Danna says, meaning the wife—nearly all the vets around here are men—”NEEDS therapy.””- evaluative claim/ moral and ethical claim becuase its saying they need thearapy.

“ and that it’s harder for veterans to get better if their spouses don’t get treated. “– evaluative claim theres no proof to this statement

“ Hofstra professor Motta says, while “a simple Google search [of the research] would tell you that the children of traumatized people have problems, the VA doesn’t wanna spend the money”- casual claim because hes just stating that traumatic people create more traumatic people

“ the VA already is footing some $600 million worth of PTSD treatment for veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan*”– factual claim this can be proven

“232 vet centers that offer general readjustment services”– factual claim can be proven

“Caleb alone, just in disability checks, not even including any of his treatment or his numerous prescriptions, will cost the VA $1.7 million if he lives until he’s 80.”- factual claim because this can be proven

Posted in PinkMonkey, PTSD Claims | 1 Comment

Claims-Queenrandom

Posted on February 15, 2023 by queenrandom04

For the ptsd assignment, I was assigned to identify the claims made in section 1. “Brannan Vines has never been to war”. – This is a Factual claim, because the subject of the sentence, Brennan has never been to war. This is something that you can either do or not. There’s no argument able to be made to rebuff the claim being made. 

“But she’s got a warrior’s skills:”- This is an analogy claim, an analogy claim is when you compare how two things are similar. In this case, comparing Brannan’s skills to being a warrior. 

“crazy-person behavior”- This excerpt can be classified as an evaluative claim because it’s assigning characteristics to the behavior that’s being displayed. AN evaluative claim is defined as a judgment on a set of circumstances. Here the author is judging the person’s behavior and deciding it’s crazy. This can also be identified as an illustrative claim because her being crazy is just a psychological response to being overstimulated. 

“Being too cognizant of every sound”-This can be identified as an evaluative,  and comparative. Comparative because by saying she is too cognizant it suggests that she  can be less cognizant. Evaluative because the author is placing judgment also in the word too. 

“Her nose starts running she’s so pissed,” This quote is a causal claim making the claim that her nose is running because she’s pissed off. There are plenty of reasons that her nose may be running but the cause the author identifies is Brennan’s emotions.

Posted in PTSD Claims, QueenRandom | 1 Comment

Stone Money – Clevland Brown

Posted on February 15, 2023 by clevelandbrown03

Money overall means nothing, but in society it means everything. I say this because money has been different things overtime. Back in older times money as we know it did not exist, so you might wonder how we functioned as a society. Easy, we traded goods to someone else in exchange for what they had. For example, if I made rugs and need a vacuum cleaner from someone who made vacuums and he needed a rug we would trade our goods.

Money gives people order, and now more than ever there are more ways for you to get rich. You can invest your money into businesses, make NFTs, or have a big social media presence. Ten years ago, if you told someone you can make money from digital pictures and people will buy them from you people will think you’re crazy. For example, Bitcoin before it was worth nothing and as of recent its worth millions of dollars. And it’s kind of crazy that money you can’t even hold physically can make you a rich person, if you made the right decision at the right time. If you really think about it Money is just paper with a stamp by the government so you can’t make your own money. Money creates a social class among the people, there is poor, Middle class, Upper middle class, and rich. This is how the government puts you into a tax bracket for when it comes to giving back the government money if they deem you made too much money that year. Money is anything that has universal value and means nothing if you don’t put value into it. In conclusion money is anything society believes is important and holds a trading value in society.

References –

History of Bitcoin – https://money.usnews.com/investing/articles/the-history-of-bitcoin

History of Money – https://www.britannica.com/story/a-brief-and-fascinating-history-of-money

Definition of money – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money#:~:text=Money%20is%20any%20item%20or%20verifiable%20record%20that,value%20and%20sometimes%2C%20a%20standard%20of%20deferred%20payment.

Posted in ClevelandBrown, Non-Portfolio Tasks, Stone Money | Leave a comment

Claims – Charlieclover

Posted on February 15, 2023 by charlieclover

The above claim uses three claims factual, credible, and definition, to better help the reader understand deeper what trauma really is and how it affects a person. This article tells reasons why we can trust the information that is written in this article. The use of the actual definition of what trauma is and how it affects those around it.

“The human brain has an enormous amount of plasticity. New cells are born every day. New connections can be made. The good news is, teleologically speaking if we didn’t have the ability to recover from brain injury, we’d have ended up as somebody’s breakfast.”

The above claim is attributive. Relating brain injury to “being someone’s breakfast” is not something that can be verified. It is a metaphor that simplifies the extremeness of brain injuries. Brain plasticity is when your brain changes its connections or rewires itself for new information.

“With a full-time job—as a VA nurse, actually—she could no longer manage his emotional plus physical problems: rheumatism consults, neuro consults for TBI, plus a burning rash on both feet he got in Fallujah in 2004. “

The above claim is categorical. By listing the specific instances of James Peterson’s physical issues. By listening to the different ailments Peterson suffers since returning from a deployment in Iraq, you are able to understand the difficulties of taking care of him.

Posted in CharlieClover, PTSD Claims | 1 Comment