Good Citation
Good Mechanics
The following are all good citation techniques. Refer to this list if you’re ever in doubt about how to cite and briefly quote in the same short sentence.
All these good example contain several essentials of good citation.
- They identify the AUTHOR
- They identify the TITLE of the article, essay, or story
- They could contain the name of the publication also, but they don’t.
- They contain a QUOTATION
- They could contain a PARAPHRASE instead, without quotation marks.
- They also have SAID language
- SAID, BELIEVES, CLAIMS, ASSERTS, INSISTS, or countless other varieties of SAID.
Examples
- Daniel Flath, in his essay, “Boylan’s Folly,” claims that “boys can’t learn from women.”
- Author, in “Title,” said that “quote.”
.
- Author, in “Title,” said that “quote.”
- Daniel Flath claims, in “Boylan’s Folly,” that “boys can’t learn from women.”
- Author claims, in “Title,” that “quote.”
.
- Author claims, in “Title,” that “quote.”
- In Daniel Flath’s essay, “Boylan’s Folly,” Flath claims, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
- In Author’s essay, “Title,” Author claims, “Quote.”
- In his essay, “Title,” Author claims, “Quote.”
- In “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath makes an outrageous claim: “Boys can’t learn from women.”
- In “Title,” Author claims: “Quote.”
.
- In “Title,” Author claims: “Quote.”
- Daniel Flath thinks “boys can’t learn from women.” He makes this and other outrageous claims in his essay, “Boylan’s Folly.”
- Author says “quote.” He makes this claim in essay, “Title.”
.
- Author says “quote.” He makes this claim in essay, “Title.”
- That “boys can’t learn from women” is one of the outrageous claims Daniel Flath makes in “Boylan’s Folly.”
- That “subject verbs” is a claim Author makes in “Title.”
.
- That “subject verbs” is a claim Author makes in “Title.”
- “Boys can’t learn from women,” according to Daniel Flath in “Boylan’s Folly.”
- “Quote,” according to Author in “Title.”
Flawed Mechanics
Fix the errors in these citations by typing corrected versions into the Reply field below. Number your sentences 1, 2, and 3.
- In his essay, Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly,” says that, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
- The author of “Boylan’s Folly”, Daniel Flath: “Boys can’t learn from women”.
- In the essay by Daniel Flath, “Boylan’s Folly,” is said, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
One of Your Own
Write a new one of your own in the same Reply field. Number it 4.
1. In his essay, “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath says, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
2. The author of “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath, says that “boys can’t learn from women.”
3. In the essay by Daniel Flath, “Boylan’s Folly,” the author says, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
4. In the essay, “Boylan’s Folly,” the author, Daniel Flath, says that “boys can’t learn from women.”
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Nailed it, RowanStudent6! Just so!
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In his essay, Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly,” says that “Boys can’t learn from women.”
Author Daniel Flath, in his essay “Boylan’s Folly”, believes: “Boys can’t learn from women.”
In his essay, “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath says, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
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1. No initial capital if you’re incorporating the quote into your own grammar.
2. Commas INSIDE the quotes.
2. Colons are appropriate ONLY WHEN you have a complete sentence to the left. For example, Author Daniel Flath makes an outrageous claim: “Boys can’t learn from women.”
3. Just right.
Correct the first 2 in a Reply if you care. 🙂
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Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly,” says, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
The author of “Boylan’s Folly”, Daniel Flath, states, “Boys can’t learn from women”.
In the essay by Daniel Flath, “Boylan’s Folly,” he claims that, “boys can’t learn from women.”
in the essay “Boylan’s Folly,” the author, Daniel Flath, claims that, “boys can’t learn from women.”
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Problems:
“Boylan’s Folly”,
from women”.
he claims that, “boys
claims that, “boys
Fix them in a Reply if you care. 🙂
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1. The author of “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath, says that, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
2. The author of “Boylan’s Folly”, Daniel Flath, makes a problematic claim: “Boys can’t learn from women”.
3. In the essay by Daniel Flath, “Boylan’s Folly”, he makes the claim, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
4. In the essay, “Boylan’s Folly”, its author, Daniel Flath, claims that “boys can’t learn from women.”
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Good, and inventive, but . . . problems:
“Boylan’s Folly”,
from women”.
he claims that, “boys
claims that, “boys
Fix them in a Reply if you care. 🙂
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Example: Daniel Flath, author of “Boylan’s Folly,” believes: “boys can’t learn from women.”
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2. Colons are appropriate ONLY WHEN you have a complete sentence to the left. For example, Author Daniel Flath makes an outrageous claim: “Boys can’t learn from women.”
Fix it in a Reply if you care. 🙂
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1. In the essay ,“Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath says, “boys can’t learn from women.”
2. The author of “Boylan’s Folly”, Daniel Flath, claims ,“boys can’t learn from women.”
3. In the essay by Daniel Flath, “Boylan’s Folly,” he said, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
4. In “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath claims, “boys can’t learn from women.”
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1. Daniel Flath says, “boys can’t learn from women.”
—Use initial caps for Quotes with traditional “said language” and commas.
2. The author of “Boylan’s Folly”,
—Commas ALWAYS inside the quotation marks.
2. Daniel Flath, claims, “boys can’t learn from women.”
—Use initial caps for Quotes with traditional “said language” and commas.
3. Nice one!
4. In “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath claims, “boys can’t learn from women.”
—Use initial caps for Quotes with traditional “said language” and commas.
—If you want to incorporate the quote into your own grammar, end your part with “that” and THEN you can lead into the quote without an Initial Capital.
Like this:
In “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath claims that “boys can’t learn from women.”
OK?
Fix them in a Reply if you care. 🙂
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1. In his essay, Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly,” states that, “boys can’t learn from women.”
2. Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly”, makes a claim: “boys can’t learn from women.”
3. In the essay “Boylan’s Folly”, by Daniel Flath, it is said that “boys can’t learn from women.”
4. The author of “Boylan’s Folly”, Daniel Flath, makes a controversial claim that states, “boys can’t learn from women.”
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February 23, 2023 at 8:56 am (Edit)
1. In his essay, Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly,” states that, “boys can’t learn from women.”
—No comma needed after that
2. Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly”, makes a claim: “boys can’t learn from women.”
—Comma ALWAYS inside the quotation marks
—Initial Capital to open the quote following a colon
3. In the essay “Boylan’s Folly”, by Daniel Flath, it is said that “boys can’t learn from women.”
—Comma ALWAYS inside the quotation marks
4. The author of “Boylan’s Folly”, Daniel Flath, makes a controversial claim that states, “boys can’t learn from women.”
—Comma ALWAYS inside the quotation marks
—Initial Capital to open the quote following a comma
Fix them in a Reply if you care. 🙂
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1. Daniel Flath, the author of the essay, “Boylan’s Folly,” says, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
2. The author of “Boylan’s Folly”, Daniel Flath claims, “Boys can’t learn from women”.
3. In the essay, “Boylan’s Folly,” David Flath, the author of the essay, claims, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
4. David Flath claims, “Boys can’t learn from women” in his essay, “Boylan’s Folly.”
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Perfect but for 2, for reasons that should be obvious.
Fix them in a Reply if you care. 🙂
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1. In his essay, “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath says that “boys can’t learn from women.”
2. The author of “Boylan’s Folly”, Daniel Flath, makes a controversial claim: “Boys can’t learn from women.”
3. Daniel Flath, in his essay, “Boylan’s Folly,” states “Boys can’t learn from women.”
4. Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly,” claims “Boys can’t learn from women.”
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1. Just right.
2. A misplaced comma.
3. This is standard “said language” that should be followed by a comma.
4. This is standard “said language” that should be followed by a comma.
Fix them in a Reply if you care. 🙂
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1. In his essay, the author of “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath, claims that “boys can’t learn from women.”
2. The author of “Boylan’s Folly”, Daniel Flath, makes the claim: “Boys can’t learn from women.”
3. In the essay “Boylan’s Folly” by Daniel Flath, he claims that “boys can’t learn from women.”
4. In the essay “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath makes the extraordinarily bold claim: “boys can’t learn from women.”
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I’m going to fix these for you. Ask me to clarify if I’m confusing you.
2. The author of “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath, makes an outrageous claim: “Boys can’t learn from women.”
4. In the essay “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath makes an extraordinarily bold claim: “Boys can’t learn from women.”
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1. In his essay, Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly,” controversially states that “boys can’t learn from women.”
2. In his essay “Boylan’s Folly”, author Daniel Flath presents an indefensible claim: “Boys can’t learn from women.”
(i have reluctantly moved the period inside the quotation)
3. In the essay by Daniel Flath, “Boylan’s Folly,” Flath unreasonably concludes that “boys can’t learn from women.”
4. “Boys can’t learn from women” is a nonsensical argument posited by author Daniel Flath in his essay “Boylan’s Folly.”
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2. In his essay “Boylan’s Folly”, author Daniel Flath presents an indefensible claim: “Boys can’t learn from women.”
(i have reluctantly moved the period inside the quotation)
—But you left the comma out in the rain. 🙂
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1. Daniel Flath’s, “Boylan’s Folly,” claims that “Boys can’t learn from women.”
2. The author of “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath claims outrageously: “Boys can’t learn from women”.
3. In the essay by Daniel Flath, “Boylan’s Folly,” is said, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
4. Author Daniel Flath writes, “Boylan’s Folly”, creating an outrageous claim stating “Boys can’t learn from women”
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Not even close, Water.
We can work on these one-on-one if you like.
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Yes please, I would like to know what was wrong and why it was, I would like to see what the corrected citations would’ve been.
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Daniel Flath’s, “Boylan’s Folly,” claims that “Boys can’t learn from women.”
—”Daniel Flath’s essay” and “Boylan’s Folly” are the same thing. If you were naming them both, you’d need a comma between them just as we do when we say “My dog, Monty.”
—But your sentence doesn’t say “Daniel Flath’s essay.” It says “Daniel Flath’s,” which is more like saying “Monty’s toy,” which doesn’t require a comma between the terms.
—It’s odd to say that an essay “says” anything, as your sentence does, but let’s allow that.
—I may have confused students who are already unfamiliar with quotation punctuation by throwing in the exceptional case of sentences that incorporate the quote into their own grammar, but I gave it a shot. Yours goes wrong by capitalizing the “Boys,” which is not done in the case of incorporated quotes using “that.”
So, the corrected sentence would be:
The author of “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath claims outrageously: “Boys can’t learn from women”.
—In this case, you DO have two nouns in apposition (words or phrases that are equivalent): Daniel Flath (1) and The author of “Boylan’s Folly.”
—So you need commas to set off “Daniel Flath” as if is were inside parentheses.
—To use a colon for quotation purposes, you need to have a complete sentence (an independent clause) to the left of the colon. That’s not the case with your sentence. We’ll have to fix that.
—Periods ALWAYS go inside the quotation marks.
So, the corrected sentence would be:
In the essay by Daniel Flath, “Boylan’s Folly,” is said, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
—Phrased more simply, your sentence says: In the essay is said.
—I hope you see how wrong that is.
—You could reorganize the elements:
Author Daniel Flath writes, “Boylan’s Folly”, creating an outrageous claim stating “Boys can’t learn from women”
—I’m just going to rework this one myself:
Helpful, Waterdrop?
Do you still have questions?
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1. In his essay, Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly,” says, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
2. In “Boylan’s Folly”, Daniel Flath claims, “Boys can’t learn from women”.
3. In the essay by Daniel Flath “Boylan’s Folly,” he said, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
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1. Good
2. Periods and commas belong INSIDE ALWAYS.
3. Missing comma.
4. Missing
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1. Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly,” says, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
2. The author of “Boylan’s Folly”, Daniel Flath claims, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
3. In the essay by Daniel Flath, “Boylan’s Folly,” is said that “boys can’t learn from women.”
4. “Boylan’s Folly,” an essay written by Daniel Flath, makes the outrageous claim that “boys can’t learn from women.”
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1. Good
2. One misplaced comma. One missing comma.
3. Fails for “said language.”
—Some solutions (if you don’t want to say who made the claim about boys) would be:
——In the essay by Daniel Flath, “Boylan’s Folly,” someone says that “boys can’t learn from women.”
——”Boys can’t learn from women” is a claim made in Daniel Flath’s essay, “Boylan’s Folly.”
4. Beautiful.
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1)Daniel Flath quotes “Boylan’s Folly,” claiming that “boys can’t learn from women.”
2) Daniel Flath, in “Boylan’s Folly,” says that “boys can’t learn from women.”
3) In Daniel Flath’s essay, “Boylan’s Folly,” claims, “boys can’t learn from women.”
4) Daniel Flath in his essay, “Boylan’s Folly.” claim “boys can’t learn from women.”
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1. Daniel Flath does not quote “Boylan’s Folly.” He wrote “Boylan’s Folly.”
2. Perfect
3. Nope. Who claims?
4. Wow.
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1) Daniel Flath, in his essay, “Boylan’s Folly,” says that “Boys can’t learn from women.”
2) The author of “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath makes a claim: “Boys can’t learn from women”.
3) In the essay “Boylan’s Folly,” by Daniel Flath he states, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
4) In Daniel Flath’s essay, “Boylan’s Folly,” it states, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
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1. Bad capital.
2. Missing comma. Misplaced period.
3. Missing comma.
4. In the essay the essay states? Clumsy. You mean:
—Daniel Flath’s essay, “Boylan’s Folly,” states, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
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1. In his essay, Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly,” says, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
2. In “Boylan’s Folly”, Daniel Flath claims, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
3. In the essay by Daniel Flath, “Boylan’s Folly,” he said, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
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Perfect but for a misplaced comma in 2 and an altogether missing 4.
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1. In his essay, Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly,” says that, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
*Revised: In Daniel Flath’s essay, “Boylan’s Folly,” he claims: “Boys can’t learn from women.”
2. The author of “Boylan’s Folly”, Daniel Flath: “Boys can’t learn from women”.
*Revised: Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly,” states “Boys can’t learn from women.”
3. In the essay by Daniel Flath, “Boylan’s Folly,” is said, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
*Revised: In the essay written by Daniel Flath, “Boylan’s Folly,” he claims “Boys can’t learn from women.”
4. In Daniel Flath’s essay, “Boylan’s Folly,” Flath claims “Boys can’t learn from women.”
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1. In his essay, Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly,” says that, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
*Revised: In Daniel Flath’s essay, “Boylan’s Folly,” he claims: “Boys can’t learn from women.”
****Re-Revised: In Daniel Flath’s essay, “Boylan’s Folly,” he makes an outrageous claim: “Boys can’t learn from women.”
2. The author of “Boylan’s Folly”, Daniel Flath: “Boys can’t learn from women”.
*Revised: Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly,” states “Boys can’t learn from women.”
****Re-Revised: Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly,” states, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
3. In the essay by Daniel Flath, “Boylan’s Folly,” is said, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
*Revised: In the essay written by Daniel Flath, “Boylan’s Folly,” he claims “Boys can’t learn from women.”
****Re-Revised: In the essay written by Daniel Flath, “Boylan’s Folly,” he claims, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
4. In Daniel Flath’s essay, “Boylan’s Folly,” Flath claims “Boys can’t learn from women.”
****Revised: In Daniel Flath’s essay, “Boylan’s Folly,” Flath claims, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
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Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly”, says, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
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Misplaced comma.
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1.In his essay, Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly,” says that “Boys can’t learn from women.”
2.The author of “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath, claims, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
3.In the essay by Daniel Flath, “Boylan’s Folly,” said “Boys can’t learn from women.”
4.Daniel Flath claims, “Boys can’t learn from women,” in his essay “Boylan’s Folly.”
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1. Bad capital.
2. Yep.
3. In the essay by Daniel Flath, “Boylan’s Folly,” said “Boys can’t learn from women.”
—You could try:
In his essay, “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath said, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
4. Very nice. Inventive.
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1. The author of “Boylan’s Folly”, Daniel Flath, claims “Boys can’t learn from women”.
2. “Boys can’t learn from women,” remarks Daniel Flath in his essay “Boylan’s Folly.”
3. In “Boylan’s Folly,” written by Daniel Flath, he claims “Boys can’t learn from women.”
4. In the essay, “Boylan’s Folly,” author Daniel Flath says that “Boys can’t learn from women.”
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1. Three errors.
2. Clever. And just one missing comma.
3. Just a missing comma.
4. Clever. Just one bad capital.
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1. In his essay Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly,” says that “boys can’t learn from women.”
2. The author of “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath, says, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
3. In the essay by Daniel Flath, “Boylan’s Folly,” it says, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
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1. Nice. Just one missing comma.
2. Just right.
3. Just right if we don’t know who said it.
4. Missing.
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1. Daniel Flath, in his essay, “Boylan’s Folly,” says that “boys can’t learn from women.”
2. The author of “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath, makes a claim: “Boys can’t learn from women.”
3. In the essay “Boylan’s Folly”, Daniel Flath says that “boys can’t learn from women.”
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Beautiful except for one misplaced comma and an altogether missing 4.
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1. In his essay, Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly,” claims that, “boys can’t learn from women.”
2. The author of “Boylan’s Folly”, Daniel Flath, claims that: “boys can’t learn from women”.
3. In the essay by Daniel Flath, “Boylan’s Folly,” claims, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
4. “Boylan’s Folly” an essay written by author, Daniel Flath, claims that, “boys can’t learn from women.”
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1. Remove one comma.
2. 3 errors. Want help?
3. Weird “said construction.” Want help?
4. 3 errors. Want help?
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1. Daniel Flath, in his essay, “Boylan’s Folly,” states that “boys can’t learn from women.”
2. Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly,” claims “Boys can’t learn from women.”
3. In “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath says “Boys can’t learn from women.”
4. Daniel Flath claims, in “Boylan’s Folly,” that “boys can’t learn from women.”
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Missing commas in 2 and 3. Otherwise very nice.
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1. In his essay, Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly,” says, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
2. The author of “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath, claims, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
3. In The essay by Daniel Flath, “Boylan’s Folly,” he believes “Boys can’t learn from women.”
4. Daniel Flath states that “Boys can’t learn from women” in “Boylan’s Folly.”
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Generally good.
3. In the essay he believes? Missing comma anyway.
4. Very nice except for a bad capital.
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1. In his essay, Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly,” says that “boys can’t learn from women.”
2. The author of, “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath says, “Boys can’t learn from women”.
3. In the essay, by Daniel Flath, “Boylan’s Folly,” is said, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
4. Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly”, says, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
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1. Very nice.
2. 3 errors. Want help?
3. You didn’t fix the is said.
4. Misplaced comma.
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1. In his essay, Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly,” says that boys can’t learn from women.
2. The author of “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath, says, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
3. In the essay by Daniel Flath, “Boylan’s Folly,” it is said that boys can’t learn from women.
4. In “Boylan’s Folly,” an essay by Daniel Flath, he says, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
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Perfect as they stand.
Twice you make the bold choice to “quote without quotation marks,” but it’s an editorial choice more than a punctuation decision.
Understand what I mean?
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1. In the essay “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath claims that, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
2. Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly,” believes that, “Boys can’t learn from women”.
3. In “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath makes a controversial argument about boys learning from women.
4. “Boys can’t learn from women.” Daniel Flath made this claim in his work “Boylan’s Folly.”
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1. Just right without the word that.
2. Also doesn’t need the that. Misplaced period.
3. You can choose to paraphrase, but you shouldn’t if the author makes the claim clearly and concisely. Your paraphrase “talks about” a claim but withholds it. Flath spells it out without wasting one word.
4. LOVE IT.
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1. In his essay, “Boylan’s Folly,” the author Daniel Flath says, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
2. The author of “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath says, “boys can’t learn from women.”
3. In the essay, “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath said, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
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1. Perfect.
2. Missing comma. Missing capital.
3. Perfect.
4. Missing.
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1. In his essay, Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly,” says that “boys can’t learn from women.”
2. The author of “Boylan’s Folly,” Daniel Flath claims, “Boys can’t learn from women.”
3. Daniel Flath, the author of “Boylan’s Folly,” states that “boys can’t learn from women.”
4. In “Boylan’s Folly,” the author Daniel Flath makes the claim that “boys can’t learn from women.”
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This needs just one comma to make all 4 perfect. 😉
Fix it if you can.
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