1. Myrick, A.J., Baker, T.C. Analysis of Anemotactic Flight Tendencies of the Spotted Lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) during the 2017 Mass Dispersal Flights in Pennsylvania. J Insect Behav 32, 11–23 (2019). https://doi-org.ezproxy.rowan.edu/10.1007/s10905-019-09708-x Background: This article was used for the Spotted Lanternflies of their flight pattern and velocity during their breach in America when getting their food from fruit trees, vines, and normal trees for their bark. In order gather food to fuel up and a nest to lay their eggs during the winter months. How I used It: The ground speed used as a running mark before taking flight upwards to their destination as create a mental map of their flight capability that also helps them to spread from place to place within a short distance.

2. Houping Liu, Oviposition Substrate Selection, Egg Mass Characteristics, Host Preference, and Life History of the Spotted Lanternfly (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) in North America, Environmental Entomology, Volume 48, Issue 6, December 2019, Pages 1452–1468, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvz123

Background: This article contains the essential nutrients and egg nests for Spotted Lanternflies which are in fact plant trees and trees from the forest. It also includes how the female of the species would reproduce before the winter season arrives with measurements.

How I used It: The egg masses were all measured by their height, width, and depth as well as the density being how much eggs that female laid on each preferred tree they would used for the right amount. It also knows about the days on which the eggs will hatch to their growth over time becomes different.

3. “Spotted Lanternfly.” About the Spotted Lanternfly, Department of Agriculture, https://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/pi/prog/pests-diseases/spotted-lanternfly/about/.

Background: This article describe what each life stage of a spotted Lanternfly would turn out to be with their abilities and coloration from nymphs to adult forms.

How I used It: This was used as a continuation from the previous article to explain more of their cycle in description revealing more info about the egg masses would look like mud in September into harden dirt in June.

4. Dechaine, Andrew Chase. “Phenology, Impact, and Rearing of Lycorma Delicatula (White) (Spotted Lanternfly) in Virginia .” VTechWorks Home, Virginia Tech, 2 Apr. 2021, https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/102930. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/102930

Background: Phenology for the Spotted Lanternfly has progressed within America impacting farming and the environment for the worse through sampling and evidence to counteract these pest.

How I Used It: The counteractions were created in order to cull the Spotted Lanternfly through the methods of insecticides on trees to be protected from those flies and eventually kill them including using the insecticide on their favorite plant, the Tree of Heaven (A. altissima).

5. Liu, Houping, and Jason Mottern. Academic.oup.com, Oxford Academic, 27 Jan. 2017, https://academic.oup.com/jinsectscience/article/17/1/18/2875340.

Background: This article contains information about the existence of the Gypsy Moth’s encyrtid egg parasitoid called the Ooencyrtus kuvanae that used to control the Gypsy Moth population in America from the 1900s.

How I Used It: This parasitoid can be used effectively against the Spotted Lanternflies through implanting the host the eggs into a biological sense to protected and then be eaten off in any life stage the Lanternfly would be in, whether inside the egg masses during winter.

6. Leach, Heather, et al. “Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of the Spotted Lanternfly, Lycorma Delicatula, (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), a New Pest of Fruit in the Northeastern U.S.” Crop Protection, Elsevier, 30 May 2019, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0261219419301735?casa_token=HS980H8VqHgAAAAA%3APjvS6LajEnAFNPSA3w7969WkMkbulGC1Sce3EXLJQn4uFPLcL9LqPUeh_AplpbBD5Umt8a0LDw.

Background: The insecticide used on agriculture from the northeast to protect shrubs and fruit trees before the harvest starts during the fall season.

How I used It: This would be connected to number four for protection from the Spotted Lanternflies, that even stopping the egg masses from being planted.

7. Francese, Joseph A, et al. “Developing Traps for the Spotted Lanternfly, Lycorma Delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae).” Academic.oup.com, 28 Jan. 2020, https://academic.oup.com/ee/article/49/2/269/5716627?login=true.

Background: Methods on capturing Spotted Lanternflies from where they live and before winter time comes around.

How I used It: Such capturing methods include the weaknesses of each Lanternfly of their preferred tree, the stage they are in, and how effective trap can be to cull the insects fully.

8. Wang, Rong-Rong, et al. “Relating antennal sensilla diversity and possible species behaviour in the planthopper pest Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae).” PLoS ONE, vol. 13, no. 3, 27 Mar. 2018, p. e0194995. Gale Academic OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A532485920/AONE?u=rowan&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=9a13d451. Accessed 6 Dec. 2021.

Background: This details the differences the male and female Spotted Lanternfly through biological process as well as behavioral senses that extends from their sensory structures.

How I used It: I connect it to number 4 and 3 of their species being planthopper to learn their weaknesses and exploiting them without the need of insecticides that would harm other creatures as well.

9. Lawrence Barringer, Claire M Ciafré, Worldwide Feeding Host Plants of Spotted Lanternfly, With Significant Additions From North America, Environmental Entomology, Volume 49, Issue 5, October 2020, Pages 999–1011, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa093

Background: Spotted Lanternflies depend on tree nutrients; such as the bark and tree sap that contains the sugar to refuel to survive and reproduce.

How I use it: I’ll use it to connect it with number two and seven to use this knowledge to plant traps around the tree.

10. Liu, Houping. “Occurrence, Seasonal Abundance, and Superparasitism of Ooencyrtus Kuvanae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) as an Egg Parasitoid of the Spotted Lanternfly (Lycorma Delicatula) in North America.” MDPI, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 22 Jan. 2019, https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/2/79#cite.

Background: contains the functionality of superparasitism of how the Ooencyrtus Kuvanae wasp uses upon its prey of choice.

How I use it: connect it with number 5 with how the wasp would plant parasites inside the Spotted Lanternflies’ eggs and it effect on the offspring when it hatches.

11. Mohn, Aprille Noelle. “Anxiety: Environmental and Otherwise – Jayscholar.etown.edu.” JayScholar, Elizabethtown College, Mar. 2021, https://jayscholar.etown.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1009&context=englstu.

Background: This contains the environmental anxiety around the world and it includes the invasive species hazard that would harm natural balance.

How I use it: To associate it with Spotted Lanternflies as a invasive species that would decrease the tree population and make worse for the other species.

12. Liu, Houping. “Seasonal Development, Cumulative Growing Degree-Days, and Population Density of Spotted Lanternfly (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) on Selected Hosts and Substrates.” Academic.oup.com, Oxford Academic, 1 Aug. 2020, https://academic.oup.com/ee/article/49/5/1171/5879580?login=true.

Background: The population density for Spotted Lanternfly from their sites, substrates, and sampling to know how many are these insects are in during the research in each tree.

How I use it: researching on the trees they use for their egg masses and how will they grow in size.

13. Urban, Julie M, and Dennis Calvin. “Early Response (2018–2020) to the Threat of Spotted Lanternfly, Lycorma Delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) in Pennsylvania.” Academic.oup.com, Oxford Academic, 26 Aug. 2021, https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article-abstract/114/6/709/6358080.

Background: The history of how the Spotted Lanternflies came to America and its efforts to infest the northeast.

How I use it: becoming aware of their emergence and damage they’ve done on the landscape and since 2014.

14. Nixon, Laura J, et al. “Development of Behaviorally Based Monitoring and Biosurveillance Tools for the Invasive Spotted Lanternfly (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) .” Academic.oup.com, Oxford Academic, 21 Aug. 2020, https://academic.oup.com/ee/article/49/5/1117/5895233?login=true.

Background: monitoring the Spotted Lanternflies through the traps which the researchers can learn more about the population.

How I use it: to connect it to number 9 and 12

15. Urban, Julie M. “Perspective: Shedding Light on Spotted Lanternfly Impacts in the USA.” Wiley Online Library, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 10 Oct. 2019, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ps.5619.

Background: More information about the consequences of how Spotted Lanternflies will corrupt the environment as pestilence.

How I use it: to connect it with number 11 and 9 in a way the environment is becoming imbalance; due to the invasive species’ presence.