“Different studies of the children of American World War II, Korea, and Vietnam vets with PTSD have turned up different results: “45 percent” of kids in one small study “reported significant PTSD signs”; “83 percent reported elevated hostility scores.” Other studies have found a “higher rate of psychiatric treatment”; “more dysfunctional social and emotional behavior”; “difficulties in establishing and maintaining friendships.”

This is a really good example of a quantitative claim since there are multiple different measurements and things occurring in these studies, which could question reliability, especially since one study here in particular is said to have a “higher rate of psychiatric treatment”.

“The symptoms were similar to what those researchers had seen before, in perhaps the most analyzed and important population in the field of secondary traumatization: the children of Holocaust survivors.”

When you are comparing something, especially when it comes to comparing and contrasting two different things, you are making an analogy claim, which this example here is exactly doing. It could also be categorized as a comparative claim since the emphasize of “most” is used in this context.

“She is not, according to Brannan, “a normal, carefree six-year-old.”

This is an evaluative claim. He defines what is considered a “normal, carefree six year old” by observing her behaviors and evaluating them, and according to the text, she does act differently. This can also be an attributive claim since it is “according to Brannan”.

 “But then in 2003, a team of Dutch and Israeli researchers meta-analyzed 31 of the papers on Holocaust survivors’ families, and concluded—to the fury of some clinicians—that when more rigorous controls were applied, there was no evidence for the intergenerational transmission of trauma.”

This is a casual claim. This shows the cause and effect of doing a certain experiment or attempting something, and here, it showed the end result of adding more rigorous controls, which is that there was no evidence of trauma.