Rebuttal-Minutemen

Posted on November 29, 2021 by minutemen14

Body Health or Body Image

With this push toward more time in the gym, you could make a case there are underlying motivators other than just health.  While going to the gym offers many health benefits, we see that there are also other unwanted factors such as compulsive exercise or severe critique of one’s body image.  The physiological advantages of working out can often take over a person’s life as they are addicted to these results.  This is relatable to anorexia nervosa where a person associates the act of starving themselves with the result of looking “better”.  At the start these two mindsets have positive goals such as losing some weight toning up the body, however those who struggle with excessive exercise can run their bodies into the ground from always chasing this look of lean muscle.

That being said, it is tough to distinguish what determines an exercise addiction.  According to “Compulsive Exercise,” “The amount of weekly exercise is not an indicator of compulsive patterns, as the definition states that it is the physical, psychological, and social harm resulting from the exercise that is important.” Therefore, simply working out extremely often does not automatically categorize you as someone with compulsive exercise addiction. There needs to be a correlation between the amount you are working out and the reason or motivation behind it. For many, working out is a hobby and something that acts as a routine activity. However, it becomes a problem when someone is working out because they feel if they do not that they will not, in their eyes, look physically attractive. This is where energy can be depleted, increased stress on the heart, chronic injury and many others occur. In the case of repeated exercise, your body is not able to recover which can be detrimental long term. A study was conducted on marathon runners to compare their blood samples against an average person’s. Heart Risk Associated With Extreme Exercise found that biomarkers associated with heart damage were in the samples of the long distance runners. These are able to be naturally repaired after some time, but if continued you can permanently scar your heart. Research related to these studies also suggest that sudden cases of cardiac arrest were associated with over exercising. Exercise can also be very counterintuitive. Many seek the benefits of exercise which are increased energy and blood flow throughout the day, which can help to be more productive and to feel better. However, when over exercising a common occurrence is completely burning yourself out which in turn stops you from exercising. What a lot of people who struggle with this addiction will then do is when they get back they try to go even harder to make up for lost time, but then find themselves in a vicious cycle of trying to stay healthy.

Moreover, just as we see people trying to slim down through cardiovascular exercise we also see the opposite in muscle dysmorphia.  Bodybuilding is something that has become increasingly popular since the golden age somewhere between the 50’s and 70’s.  This has inspired many young adults to become infatuated with sculpting their bodies.  This however, can be taken much too far.  In a state of what many call “reverse anorexia” an individual will try to get their muscles as big and toned as possible.  In the article Is Bodybuilding a Disorder, they refer to this issue saying, “People who suffer from anorexia believe they are too big, while bodybuilders believe they are too small… both of which affect their perception of their body image.”  Both of these are just as dangerous, because if not treated they could do serious damage to internal organs.  This dysmorphia through exercise is also mentally taxing as many cases show that individuals will cut out their family, careers and other interests in order to satisfy their desire to be physically appealing.

Is Bodybuilding a Disorder?

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5386595/

https://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/issues/exercise-addiction

https://health.clevelandclinic.org/can-too-much-extreme-exercise-damage-your-heart/

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Definition Rewrite—KingOfCamp

Posted on November 29, 2021 by kingofcamp

Who Called the Shots?

Female virginity is an umbrella term representing the multitude of different interpretations and understandings for what it means to be a female virgin— an ambiguous concept. Not considering the broad female perspective for millennia in the West, collectively, men in power have strictly limited female virginity to a singular definition. In a male-dominated society, female virginity is defined as the act of avoiding vaginal intercourse that involves penetration through breaking the hymen. Confining female virginity to one definition limits a woman in her freedom of choice. Female virginity is as limitless as the woman who defines the concept herself. The definition of female virginity is truest when the woman herself makes the choice to define the term, not men.

The word “female” is more than an adjective and noun, the word itself is also an umbrella term. No woman can be put into a box and limited to a one line sentence. As a Western society, men have put these limits on women, defining women as to how she is supposed to dress, act, and or speak. Planned Parenthood states that women are generally expected to dress in typically feminine[ly] ways and be polite, accommodating, and nurturing. No woman will always dress in deemed femininely attire, be polite, accommodating, and nurturing— that request is simply inhumane, inaccurate, and outdated. If an individual who identifies as a woman were to live by misogynistic guidelines provided by men and act out in frustration, not keeping to being accommodating or polite, because her car was broken into and stolen from, that individual would not be a woman anymore, according to male-opinionated, prejudiced guidelines. Ideas of what a woman “should be” are constrictive like a cobra killing its prey, expectations and defining lines breed for inaccuracy and stereotypes. Planned Parenthood claims, “exaggerated gender stereotypes can make relationships between people difficult” (Planned Parenthood 1). In the world of want-to-believe limits, relationships are difficult when women are put into four-walled iron boxes. Authors Alice H. Eagly and Antonio Mladinic of “Gender Stereotypes and Attitudes Toward Women and Men,” claim, “women [are] perceived as inferior to men in agentic, or instrumental (i.e., masculine-positive), qualities…” (Eagly and Mladinic 554). Because women are perceived to be inferior to men in more masculine-positive qualities, this apparent gap becomes more distinct, therefore ruining any chance of equality. By understanding that the definition of a woman seeps out of this systemic patriarchal box, then can Western societies begin to understand the many layers to a woman.

According to men in power, female virginity is preserved only when a woman avoids having vaginal intercourse through her hymen being broken because of penile penetration (penile-vaginal intercourse involves the penis being inserted into the vagina). Penile-vaginal intercourse is a reasonable viewpoint to consider when conceptualizing what it means to be a female virgin— only if the woman herself believes the method of intercourse to be closest to her idea of what it means to be a female virgin. Limited to women who express only heterosexuality, penile-vaginal intercourse is applicable to heterosexual women, excluding women who are non-heterosexual.

Heterosexuality is not the forefront in the West. Restricting, the penile-vaginal intercourse fails to cover the vast array of diverse sexualities and/or preferred methods of intercourse. According to Jeffery M. Jones, author of an academic article highlighting LGBT demographics in the United States for the year 2021, “… lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender identification finds 5.6% of U.S. adults identifying as LGBT” (Jones 1). This percentage is low but Jones adds, “7.6% [of American adults] do not answer the question about their sexual orientation” (Jones 1). The small percentage of confirmed LGBT American adults only accounts for adults who are fully out. The study fails to cover two pivotal points: LGBT children, teenagers, and individuals who keep their sexual orientation private, and the amount of individuals who identify as LGBT+. The percentage reported is likely to be larger— when including all different groups of individuals.

Besides penile-vaginal intercourse, anal and oral intercourse are two methods of intercourse that are valid and must be considered. Both anal and oral intercourse involve penetration of the penis. Respectively, both methods of intercourse have strict guidelines that set both of them apart: anal intercourse being achieved through the insertion of the penis into the anus while oral intercourse is achieved through the penis being inserted into the opening of the mouth. A study published in the Journal of Adolescent Health, conducted by scientific researchers in America, found that 29.4% of American adolescents believed that virginity is lost through oral intercourse while 83.9% believed virginity was lost through anal intercourse. Alternatively, writers for the Journal of Adolescent Health state that  “70.6% of [American] adolescent[s] believed that girls and boys retain their virginity if they participate in oral sex” (Bersamin, Fisher, Walker, Hill, and Grube 1) and “16.1% believed that an adolescent was still a virgin if he or she engaged in anal sex” (Bersamin, Fisher, Walker, Hill, and Grube 1). Being completely dependent on the individual woman, anal and oral intercourse can be considered when deciding what it means to be a female virgin.

Emotional-psychological aspects of intercourse are important which must be considered when defining what it means to be a female virgin. Intercourse is not only a physical process but rather intercourse is both emotional and physical (or only emotional— this perspective is dependent on the individual woman). Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender women may never have penile-vaginal, oral, and/or anal intercourse. This possibility should not exclude these women who identify as non-heterosexual. Women who avoid penile-vaginal, oral, and/or anal intercourse have creative methods to provoke sexual intimacy. Fondling, foreplay, kissing, rubbing, stroking, and or touching are effective methods that provoke sexual intimacy. Emotional-psychological intercourse is enthusiastic and must involve the presence of two people. Penile-vaginal, oral, and anal intercourse all can be one-sided, even with consent. Emotional-psychological intercourse that involves the presence of two people will always be two sided.

Female virginity is multilayered and complex. Men have defined what it means to be a female virgin for millennia but when the woman herself decides to be in charge of defining female virginity, then will a woman be able to embrace the complexity of female virginity. An umbrella term, female virginity should always be open to ambiguity— truest when the woman herself defines what it means to be a female virgin.

References

Parenthood, Planned. “Gender Identity & Roles: Feminine Traits & Stereotypes.” Planned Parenthood, Simon & Schuster, https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/gender-identity/sex-gender-identity/what-are-gender-roles-and-stereotypes.  

Eagly, Alice H., and Antonio Mladinic. “Gender Stereotypes and Attitudes toward Women and Men.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, vol. 15, no. 4, 1989, pp. 543–558., https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167289154008.

Parenthood, Planned. “What Is Virginity & the Hymen?: Losing Your Virginity.” Planned Parenthood, Simon & Schuster, https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/teens/sex/virginity.

Bersamin, Melina M, et al. “Defining Virginity and Abstinence: Adolescents’ Interpretations of Sexual Behaviors.” The Journal of Adolescent Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Aug. 2007, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1941649/.

Jones, Jeffrey M. “LGBT Identification Rises to 5.6% in Latest U.S. Estimate.” Gallup.com, Gallup, 20 Nov. 2021, https://news.gallup.com/poll/329708/lgbt-identification-rises-latest-estimate.aspx.

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Enough About You- friendoftacos

Posted on November 29, 2021 by friendoftacos

Money seems to have a big role in our society; we can’t do much or get far if we don’t have any. Even when money is not physically present, money is valuable in different ways. In today’s society, people must have faith in the government and in the banking system that their money is being handled properly; if not, people would then have to hide all of their money under their mattress or around their house. I have no clue what happens in the banks, or how they take care of money. I always thought money was simple; we either have some or we don’t—that’s it. However, being introduced to this assignment, the Yap Fei, US gold, French francs, Brazilian cruzeros, and debit accounts now seem similar. Money being transferred is something that is not seen. When we get paid, we aren’t handed cash, we don’t receive a physical check, the money’s all directly transferred to your bank account, and we just have to trust that we got more money.

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Enough About You – littlecow24

Posted on November 29, 2021 by littlecow24

Money seems to have a big role in our society; we can’t do much or get far if we don’t have any. It is valuable in different ways, even when we don’t see it physically. In today’s society, faith in the government and in the banking system that money is being handled in the proper manner is necessary; if not, then we would have to hide all of our money under our mattresses or around our houses. What the banks do to take care of our money is not something everyone is aware of. Money had always been simple in my eyes; we have some or we don’t. However, while digging into this assignment, the Yap Fei, US gold, French francs, Brazilian cruzeros, and debit accounts now seem similar. We don’t actually see our money being transferred. When we get paid, we aren’t handed cash or a physical check; the money’s all directly transferred to our bank account, and we just have to trust it is faithful.

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Rebuttal – Spooky

Posted on November 29, 2021 by imaspookyghost

Solar power is the only power source that will outlast humankind. It is common knowledge that the human race will go before the Earth’s sun burns out, and if it doesn’t the human race will go with the sun. Solar is the most effective way to produce power when it comes to cost, risk, and resource consumption. We will run out of fossil fuels, but we wont run out of the sun. Many challenge this with the fact that the sun is not always shining, that the panels cost to much, that they take up to much space, or that other power sources already have a better capacity factor These are conclusions from the lack of research and misinformation, or not seeing the negative effects that other power sources come with.

In an article by the Office of Nuclear Energy, Mike Mueller argues that nuclear power plants outperform every other source of energy by a long shot. According to energy.gov a nuclear plant produces around 1 gigawatt of power and costs six to nine billion dollars. A common misconception on the solar panel topic is the cost per panel. According to Andrew Sendy in “Solar Reviews” an everyday American the average cost per panel in a home is $3 per panel. At first glance this is outlandish compared to the cost effectiveness of other power sources, but when building Solar Farms companies buy materials to build panels in bulk which, according to Ula Chrobak in “Solar power got cheap,” brings the price per panel down to a measly 70 cents per panel. That being said if someone were to spend six billion dollars on utility scale solar panels they would produce 4.2 gigawatts of power. While nuclear power plants may be running 93% of the time, the cost to production ratio is severely outweighed by the solar option. The cost of solar is only going down, as seen in a graph by Sara Chodosh, there is a linear downward slope since 1976.

Furthermore the placement of solar panels can greatly increase the effectiveness of solar to outperform other power sources even more than it already does. According to Andrew Sendy in “Solar energy pros and cons in 2021” the biggest downside to Solar is the sun not being in the sky all the time, along with the sun’s intensity differing from location to location. The intensity of the sun and time the sun shines contributes largely to the effectiveness of the solar farm. Placing solar panels in environments that receive long-lasting intense sunlight i.e. a desert, or a mesa, in addition to storing excess energy in cost-effective batteries to use when the sun is not shining solves this problem. He also argues that the amount of space solar panels requires is much greater than coal or nuclear. He fails to mention the large perimeter of space around nuclear plants that needs constant watch for security and radioactive contamination, and the land that was mined for the fossil fuels required in coal plants.

Another notable argument against solar is that they technically are not completely environmentally friendly. The production of solar panels requires refining quartz crystals which emits minimal of carbon and sulfur dioxide. This is the main point of Dustin Mulvaney’s article “Solar energy isn’t always as green as you think”. He claims the “several incidents have linked the manufacture of [solar panels] to a trail of chemical pollution, but a couple sentences later he says that the chemicals “cant do much harm to the people working in the refineries or to the immediate environment.” This minimal amount of emission is incomprehensible compared to the emissions from fossil fuels or the radioactive risk from nuclear.

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Enough About You – LunaDuna

Posted on November 27, 2021 by Lunaduna

Money seems to have a big role in our society; one cannot do much or get far if there is a lack of money. Money is valuable in different ways, even behind closed doors. In today’s society, there must be faith in the government and in the banking system that money is being handled in the proper manner; if not, then the public would have to hide all money under our mattresses or around the house. I have no clue what happens in the banks, or how they take care of our money. I always thought that money was simple; either people have money or they do not—that’s it. However, being introduced to this assignment, the Yap Fei, US gold, French francs, Brazilian cruzeros, and debit accounts now seem similar. Nobody actually sees money being transferred. When we get paid, we are not handed cash, we do not receive a physical check, the money is directly transferred to our bank account, and we just have to trust that we obtained more money.

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Enough About You – Lily4Pres

Posted on November 26, 2021 by Lily4Pres

Money seems to have a big role in our society; not much can be done if there is a lack of money. Money is valuable in different ways, even behind the scenes. In today’s society there must be faith in the government and in the banking system that the nation’s currency is being handled in the proper manner; if not, then the public would not trust banks. Forcing each individual to handle their own money. I have no clue what happens in the banks, or how they take care of the public’s money. I always thought money was simple; some people have a lot some people do not—that’s it. However, being introduced to this assignment, the Yap Fei, US gold, French francs, Brazilian cruzeros, and debit accounts now seem similar. No one sees their money being transferred. When someone is receiving payment, they do not need anything physical, the money’s all directly transferred to their bank account, and they just have to trust they received their payment.

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Enough About You – chickendinner

Posted on November 24, 2021 by chickendinner

Money has a big role in every post-barter society; without it, little gets done. Money is valuable in various ways, even when unseen. In today’s society, having faith in the government and in the banking system, and that money is being handled in the proper manner, is fundamental to the continuation of our economic system; without it, people would have to hide all of their money under their mattresses or around their houses. It’s unclear what happens in the banks, or how they take care of their depositors’ money. I always thought money was simple; the rich have it and the poor don’t—that’s it. However, having been introduced to this assignment, I understand how the Yap Fei, US gold, French francs, Brazilian cruzeros, and debit accounts are similar. People don’t see their money being transferred. When employees get paid, they aren’t handed cash, they don’t receive a physical check, the money’s all directly transferred to their bank account, and they just have to trust that the money is there.

Posted in Enough About You | 3 Comments

Enough About You- frogs02

Posted on November 23, 2021 by frogs02

Money seems to have a big role in our society; one can’t do much or get far without any. Money is valuable in different ways, even when it is not seen physically. In today’s society, having faith is needed in the government and in the banking system that ones money is being handled in the proper manner; if not, then money would have to be hidden all under mattresses or around the house. I have no clue what happens in the banks, or how they handle money. I always thought money was simple; one either has some or doesn’t—that’s it. However, being introduced to this assignment, the Yap Fei, US gold, French francs, Brazilian cruzeros, and debit accounts now seem similar. One doesn’t actually see their money being transferred. When getting paid, no cash is being handed out, there is no physical check, the money’s all directly transferred to a bank account, and one just has to trust that the money will be received.

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Enough About You- strawberryfields4

Posted on November 23, 2021 by strawberryfields4

Money seems to have a big role in our society; one can’t do much or get far without it. It is valuable in different ways, whether it is physically visible or not. In today’s society, it is a necessity to trust that the government and the banking system are handling our money in the proper manner; if not, then we would have to hide all of our money under mattresses or around our houses. It is not common knowledge to all how banks take care of our money. I previously believed that money was simple; you either have some or not—that’s it. However, while further exploring the subject in this assignment, it has become evident that the Yap Fei, US gold, French francs, Brazilian cruzeros, and debit accounts are similar. We do not have the ability to see our money being transferred. When we get paid, we aren’t handed cash, nor do we receive a physical check; the money is simply transferred to our bank accounts in good faith.

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