Definition – Oatmealvibes

Posted on March 6, 2023 by oatmealvibes

The negative effects on a child’s behavior due to violent video games have been an ongoing topic since video games have become more popular in the 20th and 21st centuries. Games such as Call of Duty, God of War, Grand Theft Auto, Resident Evil, and Silent Hill are some iconic video game franchises commonly talked about when it comes to the violence within those games. Many claims such as making kids aggressive or causing children to not care about other’s pain are hot topics when it comes to the discussion of how these games affect children. However, violence in video games doesn’t necessarily have a negative effect when it pertains to a child’s unfavorable behavior.

To start, violence usually stems from social and environmental factors with lower IQ being a prevalence in the frequency of violence. In the journal by David O. Carpenter called Environmental causes of violence, he states that “violence is clearly coupled with poverty, and physical abuse of children promotes later aggression.” The correlation here is that violence and hardship often put onto a child during their early developmental years leads to aggression and violent tendencies later in their life. The strength of early childhood relationships and an unstable neighborhood are also big risk factors when it comes to violent behavior. Low economic status leads to poor academic performance and a lack of positive family support which in turn leads to aggression and violence.

Carpenter references a study done by Kandel et al using Danish men as the subject and he claims, “A higher IQ was protective against risk for serious criminal behavior among Danish men who were at high risk of such criminal behavior.” Having a higher IQ is a protective factor from violent tendencies as a higher IQ is also protective from developing mental disorders as told by Carpenter; “Increased childhood intelligence has been found to be associated with a significantly reduced risk of generalized anxiety disorder.” In another article by Paul G. Nestor called Mental Disorder and Violence: Personality Dimensions and Clinical Features, he asserts that “some mental disorders increase the risk for violence, with higher rates of violence now firmly established most prominently for individuals with diagnoses of substance abuse, followed by cluster B personality disorders, and to a lesser extent, schizophrenia spectrum disorders.” It is found that disorders such as drug and alcohol use, schizophrenia, and personality disorders such as borderline personality disorder have tendencies to lash out in violent ways because of their lack of handle on the world around them.

Violence is often a result of what is happening around us. There is no one cause for violence but many factors that contribute to the onset of aggressive and violent behaviors. Most of the time social factors with the combination of mental illness will lead children down a dark path to violence as they get older. Not being able to get the help they need whether that be mentally or socially can cause a child to feel some resentment and anger toward what is happening around them. Violent video games may draw inspiration from real-life violence but there is no causation to children becoming violent from those video games. Watching a horror movie such as the Halloween series does not make you want to go on a serial killing spree and most viewers have a stressed or upset reaction to the killings, it’s the same with violent video games. Violent children may seek what is happening in their real life and into a digital form as a way to destress and release what is happening to them in real life. Children without a good support system whether that be family or supportive peers, they have no way to get their emotions out other than through their learned aggression or through something much more peaceful as playing a video that may mimic their current situation.

Moving forward, there’s evidence of children playing violent video games where their empathy levels did not change after playing those games. In Long Term Exposure to Violent Video Games Does Not Show Desensitization on Empathy for Pain: An Fmri Study, authors Xuemei Gao, et al. did a study on players who were exposed to violent video games and those who were not. Players were screened before and after playing those games for differences in their brain receptors regarding empathy for the pain of others. Gao states, “The results showed that the perception of others’ pain was not significantly different in brain regions between groups, from which we could infer that the desensitization effect of VVGs was overrated.” This study is important because it shows that playing violent video games, even over a long time period such as in Long Term Exposure to Violent Video Games Does Not Show Desensitization on Empathy for Pain: An Fmri Study does not make you any less reactive to the pain of others in real life.

Ultimately, it’s easy to take violent video games and write them off as one of the reasons a child’s behavior is aggressive and violent but a bunch of real-world factors could be one of the reasons a child flocks to violent video games. Social environments that aren’t positive for the child such as parents being non-existent or a negative source in the child’s life or living in poverty, not being able to afford necessities like food, clothing, and a decent education can cause a seemingly nice child to a child that is full of resentment and aggression towards their life and situation happening around them. More aggressive children could be more interested in violent video games as either a way to destress from their current life or as a way to act on their aggression in a way that doesn’t harm or hurt anybody in real life. Children want to feel seen and heard and with violent video games, they can feel that way. Killing zombies like in Resident Evil or robbing banks in Grand Theft Auto, or even battling gods in God of War could all be outlets for a violent child, not the other way around that a non-violent child turns violent for playing a violent video game.

References

Gao, Xuemei, et al. “Long-Time Exposure to Violent Video Games Does Not Show Desensitization on Empathy for Pain: An Fmri Study.” Frontiers, Frontiers, 11 Apr. 2017, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00650/full.

Ma, J., et al. “Environmental Causes of Violence.” Physiology & Behavior, Elsevier, 14 Sept. 2009, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S003193840900300X?casa_token=F3wM_tuNnscAAAAA%3AQSg0-4UVh1wG2MuoSlBwJRys3dBH06DDik_piVd-blF48zOnEH4iJcP5WxkSKb4AUFt7Caa4nNs.

Nestor, Paul G. “Mental Disorder and Violence: Personality Dimensions and Clinical Features.” American Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 159, no. 12, 2002, pp. 1973–1978., https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.12.1973.

Posted in Definition, OatmealVibes | 1 Comment

Definition Rewrite–SinatraMan17

Posted on March 6, 2023 by adamreim

A.I.’s methods of “Creation”

Artificial Intelligence, again and again, is proving to be a major threshold event in our society’s history. the likes of which could be compared to the invention of electricity, the internet, and the following periods of change that ensued. Within the past 5-10 years, technological advancements in machine learning have paved the way for an exponential increase in the capabilities of artificial intelligence. While many applications of this technology have been recognized as having positive effects on the efficiency of our lives, one particular family of AI has arisen sparking worldwide controversy regarding its future: Artificially Intelligent Artists.

To fully understand the philosophical implications of AI Artists, we must first examine the technological breakthroughs which sparked this investigation, and their strengths and weaknesses. 

In November of 2022, the Artificial Intelligence research company OpenAI released a demo of their latest project, “Chat GPT”, free for use by the public. The site, which as of April 2023 is still free with the addition of a “Premium” tier, represents the largest advancement in written-language generators of its kind. Up until this invention, the written works of A.I. were laughable in their structure and rhetoric and never came close to emulating the abilities of an educated human writer. In the words of Kevin Roose, a technology columnist at the NY Times, “For most of the past decade, A.I. chatbots have been terrible – impressive only if you cherry-pick the bot’s best responses and throw out the rest.” Chat GPT differs from its predecessors in that it produces coherent and intelligent responses and, if prompted, “artful” ones as well. The concept which powers this technology is called “machine learning”, which is defined by IBM as the process in which “[AI] focuses on the use of data and algorithms to imitate the way that humans learn, gradually improving its accuracy.” Similar to the way humans learn from teachings and mistakes, A.I. learns from each inquiry inputted into its system. 

Another form of this AI Art technology is that of the visual arts: A.I. painting and photograph generators. Rising in popularity within the last few years are apps such as “Lensa” and “Wonder: AI”. Text can be inputted into one of these programs and an image will be created based on the commands. For example, the prompt “Mona Lisa in the style of Van Gogh” could be requested, and the A.I. would generate this using a technology known as “Convolutional Neural Network”. In the book Machine Reading Comprehension, Chenguang Zhu, a research manager at Microsoft, defines a C.N.N. as an “advanced and high-potential classical artificial neural network model which can tackle and handle higher complexity data, difficult compilation, and preprocessing of data.” An important takeaway within this technology overview here is that CNNs employ “compilation”, an idea that is prevalent when discussing creativity. Moreover, Zhu sums up the uses of this technology as being “used for image processing tasks that involve image analyzing, image recognition, video analysis, [and] segmentation of image.” Basically, the software blends recognized visual patterns associated with each part of your written prompt and compiles each pattern visually based on its vast database of already existing imagery.

The fundamental argument against both written and visual art generators is the fact that they are not “creating” anything from scratch. Nothing is an original work of inspired creativity, but rather a vastly complex act of digital plagiarism. But to understand why this is so, the answer to “What is creativity?” must first be explored.

The broad idea of creativity is impossible to completely define, as it is an infinitely complex and individual concept. However, as defined by myself, works of creativity are born from imagination and inspiration and are heavily correlated with their originality. Sometimes creativity occurs through deeply personal emotions and our reactions to them, or the spark of an idea that comes out of an unsuspecting event or experience. Jeanette Milne of the 2020 British Journal of Nursing, points out that “without curiosity, there is little creation. Clearly, both are needed to generate ideas, patterns, and combinations that can lead to new and innovative products and services.” While her insight is referring to products and services, the principal also applies to art. Curiosity and creativity are needed to produce anything that is completely new and original.

The creative weakness of AI, which is the reason why it will never truly be able to replace the human artist, is that it can never generate a new idea or work of art without stealing from previous works. However advanced the machine learning or CNNs get in their ability to extract stylistic trends and compile them coherently, they will always be doing a form of just that: compiling. Just as an essay whose author copied work from another source, yet changed the language to make it “their own” is considered plagiarism, so too is a work of AI-generated art that does the same. Simply changing the way you express each idea does not change the origin of the idea; the idea is not yours (or AI’s) if it is simply rephrased.

Therefore, if artificial intelligence could somehow possess the ability to create new ideas, it would by definition no longer be an “artificial” intelligence. It would possess a skill known only to living beings: new thought. However close we may seem to this God-like invention, regarding Written-word and Art Generators of the 2020s, it is fundamentally and definitively: fiction. Art of any form is something that is viscerally human and is created by its creator through new thought and inspiration, therefore artificial intelligence, by definition, can never fully replace human artists or create new art.

References:

Roose, K. (2023). The Brilliance and Weirdness of ChatGPT. The New York Times.

What is Machine Learning? | IBM. (2016). 

Zhu C, Zeng M, Huang X. SDNet: Contextualized Attention-based Deep Network for Conversational Question Answering. arXiv.org. Published online 2019.

Milne. (2020). What is creativity? British Journal of Nursing (Mark Allen Publishing), 29(12), S4–S4.

Posted in Definition Rewrite, SinatraMan | 2 Comments

Definition–SinatraMan17

Posted on March 6, 2023 by adamreim

A.I.’s methods of “Creation”

Artificial Intelligence, again and again, is proving to be a major threshold event in our society’s history, the likes of which could be compared to the invention of electricity, the internet, and the following periods of change that ensued. Within the past 5-10 years, technological advancements in machine learning have paved the way for an exponential increase in the capabilities of artificial intelligence. While many applications of this technology have been recognized as having positive effects on the efficiency of our lives, one particular family of AI has arisen sparking worldwide controversy regarding its future: Artificially Intelligent Artists.

To fully understand the philosophical implications of AI Artists, we must first examine the technological breakthroughs which sparked this investigation, and their strengths and weaknesses. 

In November of 2022, the Artificial Intelligence research company OpenAI released a demo of their latest project, “Chat GPT-3”, free for use by the public. The site, which as of March 2023 is still free with the addition of a “Premium” tier, represents the largest advancement in written-language generators of its kind. Up until this invention, the written works of A.I. were laughable in their structure and rhetoric and never came close to emulating the abilities of an educated human writer. In the words of Kevin Roose, a technology columnist at the NY Times, “For most of the past decade, A.I. chatbots have been terrible – impressive only if you cherry-pick the bot’s best responses and throw out the rest.” Chat GPT-3 differs from its predecessors in that it produces coherent and intelligent responses and, if prompted, “artful” ones as well. The concept which powers this technology is called “machine learning”, which is defined by IBM as the process in which “[AI] focuses on the use of data and algorithms to imitate the way that humans learn, gradually improving its accuracy.” Similar to the way humans learn from teachings and mistakes, A.I. learns from each inquiry inputted into its system. 

Another form of this AI Art technology is that of the visual arts: A.I. painting and photograph generators. Rising in popularity within the last few years are apps such as “Lensa” and “Wonder: AI”. Text can be inputted into one of these programs and an image will be created based on the commands. For example, the prompt “Mona Lisa in the style of Van Gogh” could be requested, and the A.I. would generate this using a technology known as “Convolutional Neural Network”. In the book Machine Reading Comprehension, Chenguang Zhu, a research manager at Microsoft, defines a C.N.N. as an “advanced and high-potential classical artificial neural network model which can tackle and handle higher complexity data, difficult compilation, and preprocessing of data.” An important takeaway within this technology overview here is that CNNs employ “compilation”, an idea that is prevalent when discussing creativity. Moreover, Zhu sums up the uses of this technology as being “used for image processing tasks that involve image analyzing, image recognition, video analysis, [and] segmentation of image.” Basically, the software blends recognized visual patterns associated with each part of your written prompt and compiles each pattern visually based on its vast database of already existing imagery.

The fundamental argument against both written and visual art generators is the fact that they are not “creating” anything from scratch. Nothing is an original work of inspired creativity, but rather a vastly complex act of digital plagiarism. But to understand why this is so, the answer to “what is creativity?” must first be explored.

The broad idea of creativity is impossible to completely define, as it is an infinitely complex and individual concept. However, as defined by myself, works of creativity are born from imagination and inspiration and are heavily correlated with their originality. Sometimes creativity occurs through deeply personal emotions and our reactions to them, or the spark of an idea that comes out of an unsuspecting event or experience. Jeanette Milne of the 2020 British Journal of Nursing, points out that “without curiosity, there is little creation. Clearly, both are needed to generate ideas, patterns, and combinations that can lead to new and innovative products and services.” While her insight is referring to products and services, the principal also applies to art. Curiosity and creativity are needed to produce anything that is completely new and original.

The creative weakness of AI, which is the reason why it will never truly be able to replace the human artist, is that it can never generate a new idea or work of art without stealing from previous works. However advanced the machine learning or CNNs get in their ability to extract stylistic trends and compile them coherently, they will always be doing a form of just that: compiling. Just as an essay whose author copied work from another source, yet changed the language to make it “their own” is considered plagiarism, so too is a work of AI-generated art that does the same. Simply changing the way you express each idea does not change the origin of the idea; the idea is not yours (or AI’s) if it is simply rephrased.

Therefore, if artificial intelligence could somehow possess the ability to create new ideas, it would by definition no longer be an “artificial” intelligence. It would possess a skill known only to living beings: new thought. However close we may seem to this God-like invention, regarding Written-word and Art Generators of the 2020s, it is fundamentally and definitively: fiction. Art of any form is something that is viscerally human and is created by its creator through new thought and inspiration, therefore artificial intelligence, by definition, can never fully replace human artists or create new art.

References:

Roose, K. (2023). The Brilliance and Weirdness of ChatGPT. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/05/technology/chatgpt-ai-twitter.html 

What is Machine Learning? | IBM. (2016). Ibm.com. https://www.ibm.com/topics/machine-learning#:~:text=the%20next%20step-,What%20is%20machine%20learning%3F,learn%2C%20gradually%20improving%20its%20accuracy. 

Zhu C, Zeng M, Huang X. SDNet: Contextualized Attention-based Deep Network for Conversational Question Answering. arXiv.org. Published online 2019.

Milne. (2020). What is creativity? British Journal of Nursing (Mark Allen Publishing), 29(12), S4–S4. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2020.29.12.S4 

Posted in Definition, SinatraMan | 2 Comments

Definition Rewrite – Charlieclover

Posted on March 6, 2023 by charlieclover

There were a lot less options to do when the country first went into lockdown three years ago to deal with the rising number of Covid-19 cases. Americans were now required to socially isolate themselves and to find activities to keep them occupied as everyone was cooped up in their homes. Social media provided the solution to this. Following the initial lockdown in 2020, there was a significant increase in the number of users online, particularly teens. These teenagers turned to social media to avoid boredom, to stay in touch with their friends and family, whom they were unable to see due to the quarantine, as well as keep up to date on their schoolwork.

Teenagers’ mental health was seemingly declining in direct proportion to the amount of time they spent online. The self-isolation was harmful to the overall development and mental health of many young people. When the use of social media began to gradually have a damaging effect on kids’ daily lives, social media did little to help the situation and ultimately grew to be a bigger problem in and of itself. The twenty-four hours in a day seemed to be spent almost exclusively online. Teenagers’ ability to develop mental wellness was not supported by this reality. Social media sites like Instagram, SnapChat, and TikTok were starting to be used excessively and irresponsibly.

Social media usage has dramatically increased, yet there has been a clear absence of education about how to stay safe and use these platforms appropriately. There is always a chance for major risks to your safety and physical health, but I’m referring to the less obvious effects of excessive social media use, the negative effects it has on your mental health. Teenagers would occasionally spend hours online because there was no break from continual time spent on applications as you would normally get from school. This was risky because excessive social media use can harm kids by detracting from their studies, preventing them from getting enough sleep, exposing them to bullying, spreading rumors, and giving them a false perspective of how other people’s lives are.

It has been established in the past that excessive social media use can be distracting and push individuals, especially teenagers, to put off their obligations and give other things that seem less important a higher priority. Online usage in excess has been shown to interfere with sleep. While the pandemic was at its worst and most individuals were unable or unwilling to leave their homes, they spent the majority of their time in their rooms. Teenagers with irregular sleep patterns frequently slept throughout the day and stayed up late online. A poor sleep schedule has an adverse effect on cleanliness and eating routines. Due to the possibility of comments being placed on posts that are cruel, harsh, and occasionally disrespectful, social media also exposes teenagers to online bullying. Rumor-mongering is another way that cyberbullying can occur. Given that most students from the same school are unintentionally connected on social media, rumors can travel quickly. At my high school, I witnessed this firsthand when one of my peers put something online and a story was spread about them and the video they created was shared with the explicit intent of making fun of the creator. 

This disturbing fact is the root of the poor self-worth, self-esteem, and body image that plagues the majority of young people. Furthermore, overusing social media can lead to false perceptions of others’ lifestyles and peer pressure. As a greater number of individuals become famous online with rise in well-known influencers, by persuading followers to act in a certain way, by creating an unjust standard. Influencers are drifting apart from the concept that there shouldn’t be a single definition of beauty. The notion that there is a single beauty standard that one should strive to meet is unrealistic because it is not representative of how most people look. This one example alone demonstrates the rise in body image issues which contribute to self harm. It can be difficult for young children to only see one perspective and way of being, which does not mirror them. It’s in our nature to compare our experiences with those of others. Social media reinforces this by giving users a peek into the lives of others and enabling frequent comparison.

Researchers have recently discovered a solution that could assist teens in creating a more positive relationship with social media. There is no way to outright forbid the use of social media, but there are ways to monitor how much is used, so the notion that you can prevent minors from using social media is preposterous. To make your time online more productive, try social media fasting and tolerance breaks. The reasoning behind this is because people experience issues with social media use during mindless scrolling since it interferes with their daily life. You can use social media more effectively if you break your habit of continual use of it. Instead of continuously scrolling through your social media in search of entertainment, you’ll be more likely to post something because you want to share it with your friends. Those who abstain from social media may also have more time in their day to do chores that they might otherwise put off. People can engage in interests they might not otherwise have the time to enjoy during this time away from social media. To be sure that your motives for using social media are genuine, it might be very helpful to abstain from it for a little while. Nobody’s mental health benefits from mindless, compulsive scrolling, especially teens whose brains are still developing.

Teaching teenagers and younger kids the value of doing anything other than remaining online, in my opinion, is the best way to offset the drawbacks of social media. Due of social media’s consistency throughout the past three years, it can be challenging to put down your phone. In a world where things are always being shut down, you might have these accounts that never changed. There is no longer a need to stay indoors all day, and it is crucial for everyone—especially young people—to concentrate on their mental health and do what they can to keep healthy. Now that we are past the COVID-19 lockdowns, it is vital to reiterate these dialogues. The ideal approach to do this is through social media fasting.

Posted in CharlieClover, Definition Rewrite | Leave a comment

Definition – Charlieclover

Posted on March 6, 2023 by charlieclover

There were a lot less options to do when the country first went into lockdown three years ago to deal with the rising number of Covid-19 cases. Americans were now required to socially isolate themselves and to find activities to keep them occupied as everyone was cooped up in their homes. Social media provided the solution to this. Following the initial lockdown in 2020, there was a significant increase in the number of users online, particularly teens. These teenagers turned to social media to avoid boredom, to stay in touch with their friends and family, whom they were unable to see due to the quarantine, as well as keep up to date on their schoolwork.

Teenagers’ mental health was seemingly declining in direct proportion to the amount of time they spent online. The self-isolation was harmful to the overall development and mental health of many young people. When the use of social media began to gradually have a damaging effect on kids’ daily lives, social media did little to help the situation and ultimately grew to be a bigger problem in and of itself. The twenty-four hours in a day seemed to be spent almost exclusively online. Teenagers’ ability to develop mental wellness was not supported by this reality. Social media sites like Instagram, SnapChat, and TikTok were starting to be used excessively and irresponsibly.

Social media usage has dramatically increased, yet there has been a clear absence of education about how to stay safe and use these platforms appropriately. There is always a chance for major risks to your safety and physical health, but I’m referring to the less obvious effects of excessive social media use, the negative effects it has on your mental health. Teenagers would occasionally spend hours online because there was no break from continual time spent on applications as you would normally get from school. This was risky because excessive social media use can harm kids by detracting from their studies, preventing them from getting enough sleep, exposing them to bullying, spreading rumors, and giving them a false perspective of how other people’s lives are.

It has been established in the past that excessive social media use can be distracting and push individuals, especially teenagers, to put off their obligations and give other things that seem less important a higher priority. Online usage in excess has been shown to interfere with sleep. While the pandemic was at its worst and most individuals were unable or unwilling to leave their homes, they spent the majority of their time in their rooms. Teenagers with irregular sleep patterns frequently slept throughout the day and stayed up late online. A poor sleep schedule has an adverse effect on cleanliness and eating routines. Due to the possibility of comments being placed on posts that are cruel, harsh, and occasionally disrespectful, social media also exposes teenagers to online bullying. Rumor-mongering is another way that cyberbullying can occur. Given that most students from the same school are unintentionally connected on social media, rumors can travel quickly. At my high school, I witnessed this firsthand when one of my peers put something online and a story was spread about them and the video they created was shared with the explicit intent of making fun of the creator. 

This disturbing fact is the root of the poor self-worth, self-esteem, and body image that plagues the majority of young people. Furthermore, overusing social media can lead to false perceptions of others’ lifestyles and peer pressure. As a greater number of individuals become famous online with rise in well-known influencers, by persuading followers to act in a certain way, by creating an unjust standard. Influencers are drifting apart from the concept that there shouldn’t be a single definition of beauty. The notion that there is a single beauty standard that one should strive to meet is unrealistic because it is not representative of how most people look. This one example alone demonstrates the rise in body image issues which contribute to self harm. It can be difficult for young children to only see one perspective and way of being, which does not mirror them. It’s in our nature to compare our experiences with those of others. Social media reinforces this by giving users a peek into the lives of others and enabling frequent comparison.

Researchers have recently discovered a solution that could assist teens in creating a more positive relationship with social media. There is no way to outright forbid the use of social media, but there are ways to monitor how much is used, so the notion that you can prevent minors from using social media is preposterous. To make your time online more productive, try social media fasting and tolerance breaks. The reasoning behind this is because people experience issues with social media use during mindless scrolling since it interferes with their daily life. You can use social media more effectively if you break your habit of continual use of it. Instead of continuously scrolling through your social media in search of entertainment, you’ll be more likely to post something because you want to share it with your friends. Those who abstain from social media may also have more time in their day to do chores that they might otherwise put off. People can engage in interests they might not otherwise have the time to enjoy during this time away from social media. To be sure that your motives for using social media are genuine, it might be very helpful to abstain from it for a little while. Nobody’s mental health benefits from mindless, compulsive scrolling, especially teens whose brains are still developing.

Teaching teenagers and younger kids the value of doing anything other than remaining online, in my opinion, is the best way to offset the drawbacks of social media. Due of social media’s consistency throughout the past three years, it can be challenging to put down your phone. In a world where things are always being shut down, you might have these accounts that never changed. There is no longer a need to stay indoors all day, and it is crucial for everyone—especially young people—to concentrate on their mental health and do what they can to keep healthy. Now that we are past the COVID-19 lockdowns, it is vital to reiterate these dialogues. The ideal approach to do this is through social media fasting.

Posted in CharlieClover, Definition | Leave a comment

Definition Rewrite—Shazammm

Posted on March 6, 2023 by Samantha Szumloz

Children of the Stage

As someone who grew up performing in school plays, musicals, and choir concerts, it is impossible for me to imagine learning in an educational setting where the performing arts is absent. My high school’s drama club was the only thing that made me want to wake up in the morning and attend class, because it was the place where I could express myself the way I knew best: through acting, singing, and dancing. Calculus or gym class most certainly did not inspire me to come out of my shell, and I can say the same for many of my musically-inclined friends. The performing arts is my life. If my high school did not have a drama department, I would have lacked the creative outlet I depended on most to socially and academically thrive. In short, my mental health would have suffered immensely.

In the article “A symphony within: Frequent participation in performing arts predicts higher positive mental health in young adults,” Eryn Block, Mitchell Wong, Sheryl Kataoka, and Frederick Zimmerman writes, “During young adulthood, childhood passions often give way to higher education and career goals; yet these childhood passions, such as art, may be important to prioritize for mental health… Creative activities have been used for managing depression, anxiety, stress, and mental distress related to chronic illness and trauma, and for promoting positive emotions, social connection, and self-efficacy for people with mental illness.” Of course, not all young people utilize the arts for psychological purposes. However, for those who do, it is safe to say that taking away artistic opportunities from them would have detrimental effects. 

Fortunately, the public schools in my hometown are blessed with enough resources to put on plays, choral concerts, and other performances for “theatrically-inclined” students to participate in. But simultaneously, those events are outshined by the overemphasis of standardized testing and academic achievement. We can thank the No Child Left Behind Act for that. Passed by the U.S. Congress in 2001, the law required public schools to track their students’ academic progress through standardized tests. If they failed to meet certain goals, educators would lose their jobs. According to the Britannica article “No Child Left Behind,” Brian Duignan and  Jeannette L. Nolen writes, “Under the law, states were required to administer yearly tests of the reading and mathematics skills of public school students and to demonstrate adequate progress toward raising the scores of all students to a level defined as “proficient” or higher by 2014. Teachers were also required to meet higher standards for certification. Schools that failed to meet their goals would be subject to gradually increasing sanctions, eventually including replacement of staff or closure.” The act was put to an end in 2015. However, standardized testing is still an integral part of secondary education.  

Additionally, as a result of No Child Left Behind, many performing arts groups/committees became worried about the future of theater arts in schools. NCLB not only emphasized an importance in standardized testing, but it also stressed the significance of “scientifically based” research, which could mean budget cuts to educational activities that are not scientific-based. In the article No Subject Left Behind, the document states, “The law {NCLB} specifies that research should involve ‘the application of rigorous, systematic, and objective procedures to obtain reliable programs and valid knowledge relevant to education activities and programs.’ It further defines research with terms like ‘empirical,’ ‘rigorous data analyses,’ ‘valid and reliable data across observers,’ and ‘experimental or quasi-experimental designs.’ Detailed rules for the implementation of this standard show up in the What Works Database ‘Study Design and Implementation Device’ (DIAD). The definition is narrow to the point that scholars, administrators, teachers, and decision-makers in most curricular areas (including the arts) are likely to find that the data to support programs–even programs acclaimed as highly successful by all concerned–is difficult to come by.” Even though the NCLB Act is in the past, it is safe to say that theater programs are still at risk of getting cheated out, per say.  

Going back to standardized testing, readers may ask, “Despite the fact that schools were under pressure to meet certain expectations, what’s so bad about standardized testing for children? Isn’t it supposed to assess their academic needs?” It is, and it does to some extent. There is also nothing wrong with caring about academic achievement. Students and their guardians should! After all, the subject does dictate future career paths. However, it is the exaggerated importance of standardized testing and academic achievement that is the problem, for it is putting other pursuits in the shadows. 

I would like to call attention to “The Left-Behind Child.” My Composition II professor, David Hodges, brought this idea up to me while conducting my research. He defines the Left-Behind Child as “the child for whom school has no meaning, provides no inspiration, offers no hope is the child whose school ignores abilities and interests that aren’t measured by multiple-choice answers to tests.” In short, the Left-Behind Child is a hypernym used to describe children who excel in other subjects rather than academia. I resonated with this concept immensely. If my drama club friends and I didn’t have theater at our high school, we would have embodied the Left-Behind Child. Because as hardworking as we were in the classroom, we felt dead inside. The stage was where we felt most alive. 

At the same time, though, we desired to be recognized for our stage talents. But no matter how hard we tried to promote ourselves as artists, our teachers did not seem to care. Instead, they showed greater interest in school sports, our transcripts, our compliance in the classroom, and, most importantly, our test scores. We were merely numbers in their system. They did not see us as children, nonetheless children of the stage. And as a result of their carelessness, we felt almost invisible. No child should be made to feel like that. 

That is why educators must do everything in their power to keep activities like the arts alive in school systems. 

 References

Duignan, Brian, Jeanette, N.L., The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. {2008, September}. No Child Left Behind. Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/No-Child-Left-Behind-Act

Block, E.P., Wong, M.D., Kataoka, S.H., Zimmerman, F.J. {2022 January}. A symphony within: Frequent participation in performing arts predicts higher positive mental health in young adults. Elsevier. https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S0277953621009473?token=40F400BA9F2CC4C36A1EE2533D3B7C418CFFB5F301D8FF87A2BFA7046FCF6A319AF709D75C3087B59A9A315C558818B7&originRegion=us-east-1&originCreation=20230306162421

Arts Education Partnership, American Arts Alliance, American Association of Museums, American Symphony Orchestra League, Americans for the Arts, Association of Art Museum Directors, Association of Performing Arts Presenters, Dance/USA, The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts/ Kennedy Center Alliance for Arts Education Network, MENC: The National Association for Music Education, National Assembly of State Arts Agencies, OPERA America, Theatre Communications Group, VSA arts. {29 August 2005}. No Subject Left Behind. Americans For The Arts. https://www.americansforthearts.org/sites/default/files/pdf/get_involved/advocacy/no_subject_left_behind.pdf

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Definition—Shazammm

Posted on March 6, 2023 by Samantha Szumloz

Children of the Stage

As someone who grew up performing in school plays, musicals, and choir concerts, it is impossible for me to imagine learning in an educational setting where the performing arts is absent. My high school’s drama club was the only thing that made me want to wake up in the morning and attend class, because it was the place where I could express myself the way I knew best: through acting, singing, and dancing. Calculus or gym class most certainly did not inspire me to come out of my shell, and I can say the same for many of my musically-inclined friends. The performing arts is my life. If my high school did not have a drama department, I would have lacked the creative outlet I depended on most to socially and academically thrive. In short, my mental health would have suffered immensely. In the article “A symphony within: Frequent participation in performing arts predicts higher positive mental health in young adults,” Eryn Block, Mitchell Wong, Sheryl Kataoka, and Frederick Zimmerman writes, “During young adulthood, childhood passions often give way to higher education and career goals; yet these childhood passions, such as art, may be important to prioritize for mental health… Creative activities have been used for managing depression, anxiety, stress, and mental distress related to chronic illness and trauma, and for promoting positive emotions, social connection, and self-efficacy for people with mental illness” {Block, Wong, Kataoka, Zimmerman, 2022}. Of course, not all young people utilize the arts for psychological purposes. However, for those who do, it is safe to say that taking away artistic opportunities would damage their mental health. 

Perhaps one of the greatest benefactors to the performing arts in education is the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, or NCLB. This is a bill that aims to improve the academic success of children in primary and secondary schools through standardized testing. It additionally requires teachers to meet “higher standards for certification” and accommodates subordinated youth by raising their test scores {Duignan, Nolen, The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, Gaur,  Lotha, 2008}. In simple terms, it holds schools accountable for the success of their students and assures the public that Congress will do everything they can to provide the best education possible for American children. 

How does this act positively impact the performing arts in schools? It provides students with the resources they need to thrive academically, including theater opportunities. In the article No Subject Left Behind, the authors place a huge emphasis on “scientifically based research” as a part of the No Child Left Behind Act, which incorporates three points: “Defining what constitutes acceptable “scientifically based” research for the purposes of administering our educational system,” “Encouraging and instituting research in arts education activities and programs that meets the procedural definition of acceptable research,” and “Working to ensure that, as a practical matter, important information regarding the real-world growth and development of American children is not excluded from the decision-making process because it has not been collected or formulated in terms of “scientifically based research.” The second point is extremely important to note because it supports the exploration of arts education as a whole, promoting theater departments within educational settings and highlighting the significance of the arts as academic subjects. 

References

Duignan, Brian, Jeanette, N.L., The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. {2008, September}. No Child Left Behind. Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/No-Child-Left-Behind-Act

Block, E.P., Wong, M.D., Kataoka, S.H., Zimmerman, F.J. {2022 January}. A symphony within: Frequent participation in performing arts predicts higher positive mental health in young adults. Elsevier. https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S0277953621009473?token=40F400BA9F2CC4C36A1EE2533D3B7C418CFFB5F301D8FF87A2BFA7046FCF6A319AF709D75C3087B59A9A315C558818B7&originRegion=us-east-1&originCreation=20230306162421

Arts Education Partnership, American Arts Alliance, American Association of Museums, American Symphony Orchestra League, Americans for the Arts, Association of Art Museum Directors, Association of Performing Arts Presenters, Dance/USA, The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts/ Kennedy Center Alliance for Arts Education Network, MENC: The National Association for Music Education, National Assembly of State Arts Agencies, OPERA America, Theatre Communications Group, VSA arts. {29 August 2005}. No Subject Left Behind. Americans For The Arts. https://www.americansforthearts.org/sites/default/files/pdf/get_involved/advocacy/no_subject_left_behind.pdf

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Definition Rewrite- Pinkmonkey32

Posted on March 6, 2023 by pinkmonkey32

Give Addicts Their Fix

Give Addicts Their Fix

The drug overdose epidemic is one that is sweeping over our country and many others. Over the past few years overdose rates in some cases have tripled. Many countries have resorted to punishment and forced rehab to try and clean up their streets and reduce crime and death rates, but the outcomes don’t seem to be working. We need to try something new. Canada has taken a different approach, Through a thoroughly selected program 26 people have been receiving drugs from the government as a way to help them. This program (called Insite) lets addicts go to special medical popups that will provide them with clean and sterilized needles as well as, to some, the heroin dose they crave. This program has decreased the overdoses in the Vancouver area as well as crime rates.

The Insight program is not meant to enable addicts but instead hopefully stop them from resorting to street drugs and street crimes just to get a high. “Street drugs” are drugs that are sold illegally on the streets. Street drugs often are laced with other synthetic opioids or chemicals such as fentanyl.“When you use street or club drugs, you’re taking a lot of risks. The drugs are dangerous, and usually there’s no way to know how strong they are or what else may be in them”, As WebMD states in, “Street Drugs: Know the Facts and Risks”. In that article as well they speak about how “It’s even more unsafe to use them along with other substances like alcohol and marijuana.”  A lot of addicts resort to “getting crossed” which is the use of 2 drugs at once in order to gain the satisfaction that they first got when starting their drug of choice. This increases the risks of overdose as well as many other health issues.

Addicts when coming down from a high or are going through withdrawal they crave the need for more. In the article “Drug use changes the brain over time” by the Genetic Science Learning Center, “ after the user has “come down,” they will need more of the drug next time they want to get high.” Addicts will result in stealing from family or pickpocketing on the street, they also will buy drugs that are less pure just because it’s cheaper and what they can afford. This is the behavior that Vancouver is trying to prevent, and succeeding in doing, and the rest of us should follow in their footsteps.

From a Neurological standpoint of the brain, when doing a drug your brain is getting an immediate release of high dopamine. Over time your dopamine receptors in your synapse begin to accommodate for the drug and start altering around it to compensate for the amount of dopamine it creates leaving you with even less dopamine when you’re not high then your originally started with. The Pathways connected to the synapse also get rewired during this period. According to, “Drug Use Changes The Brain Over Time” by the Genetic Science Learning center, “Over time, brain regions responsible for judgment, decision-making, learning, and memory begin to physically change, making certain behaviors “hard-wired.”.” These addicts can no longer make clear judgments and justify their crimes. These addicts aren’t hard criminals, they just don’t know the basis of reality anymore. By sustaining these addicts with their choice drug we can help redirect their focus from finding their next fix to perhaps finding a job.

Rehab is often the most pushed upon treatment for addicts. Forced rehab along with voluntary do not have the best rates when it comes to staying sober. In a study conducted called, ”Factors associated with relapse into drug use among male and female attendees of a three-month drug detoxification–rehabilitation programme” is a study done by The Harm Reduction Journal. Harm reduction is an effort to reduce negative outcomes through practices or public health policies in order to reduce crime or negative human behaviors. In this study they found that the “Median times to relapse were 45 days for men and 20 days for women. Most of the relapses occurred during the first 30 days after discharge in both sexes.” This study also found that 71.9% of women relapsed versus 54.5% males. More than half of both men and women found that this program was unhelpful, yet it’s still the first thing we offer to addicts. It’s near to impossible to help and end everyone’s addiction, but harm reduction offers us the ability to at least help the addicts’ addictions we can’t end.

Not only does Harm Reduction help the addicts addictions we can’t end, but it also lessons the harm of the rippled issues caused by addicts. These include, pit picking, overdose, theft, as well as issues like overcrowded emergency rooms, courts, and medical intervention that would be wasted. All of these issues could be reduced through this Harm reduction program.

Rehab is not effective for most but it becomes even less effective when we take addicts off the streets, get them clean, and then stick them right back on the street. Addicts who are admitted to rehabs from loving families or homes have a much higher success rate. Addicts who live on the street more often than not are on drugs because of their living conditions. From the same study done by The Harm Reduction Journal they found, ”For both male and female subjects the findings highlight the importance of stable living conditions. Additionally, female PWUDs need gender-sensitive services and active efforts to refer them for opioid substitution therapy.” Drugs are the only way that addicts know how to cope and once they are put back out on the street they are going to need to cope again and we have the opportunity to help them cope.

When understanding the jump to giving addicts drugs instead of rehab, we have to understand that this program will not be offered to just anyone who wants clean drugs. There are qualifications that must be met in order to get into a program like this. Some of those include: Multiple attempts and rehab, Continuous effort to kick addiction, unstable living conditions, and you must be a steady user or addict. This program is not created to give drugs out to everyone or people who want to try for the first time. ANd just like the benefits from Harm reduction, this program would give us those results.

Helping addicts does not have to be a one solution problem, some addicts can benefit from rehab and that may be the best choice for them but others need the drugs, they are completely dependent, and it makes their lifestyle more bearable. Unless we can get every homeless addict off the street and into a home then we should be using our medical resources to give them pure safe and medically administered drugs.

References

Maehira, Y., Chowdhury, E.I., Reza, M. et al. Factors associated with relapse into drug use among male and female attendees of a three-month drug detoxification–rehabilitation programme in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a prospective cohort study. Harm Reduct J 10, 14 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7517-10-14

Genetic Science Learning Center. (2013, August 30) Drug Use Changes the Brain Over Time. Retrieved April 02, 2023, from https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/brainchange

Science Direct (Volume 16, Issue 4, April 2016, Pages 1323-1327) R.A. Rudd, N. Aleshire, J.E. Zibbell, R. Matthew Gladden https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1600613522008991

Street Drugs: Know the Facts and Risks, WebMD Editorial Contributors (March 13 2023)https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/addiction/street-drugs-risks

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Definition- Pinkmonkey32

Posted on March 6, 2023 by pinkmonkey32

Robot- Human interaction with Personalities Involved

Human- Robot interaction is the interaction between a human and a robot. These situations are becoming prevalent now more than ever and it is important that these robots can imitate the personality of the person they are communicating with for optimal comfort in the interaction. To do this robot specialists and engineers are programming robots to be either extroverts or introverts to make these interactions seamless.

Personality. Your personality is “ the special combination of qualities in a person that makes that person different from others, as shown by the way the person behaves, feels, and thinks”(Cambridge Dictionary). Extroverted and introverted are the two main categories for personality along with another group of people who are both. A person who falls into the extroverted category would be known as “having a disposition that is energized through social engagement and languishes or chafes in solitude, resulting in a personality that is gregarious, outgoing, and sociable.” (Dictionary.com). On the Opposing side a introverted person would be known as “having a disposition that is taxed by social engagement and energized by calm environments, resulting in the preference for quiet solitude.”(dictionary.com). Some people fall in between these categories Having both introverted and extroverted tendencies.

Some studies show that people who are extroverted like to interact with other people like them (extroverts) and introverts like to interact with people who are also introverted. When looked at closer, some even described being uncomfortable when talking to people of the opposite personality type.

These ideas of personality and social interactions between them have become a topic in the relation to robots. With robots becoming more and more advanced and some robots even being programmed to work in desk job positions or be front desk service it is important that people don’t feel uncomfortable when speaking to these robots. This poses the question that if we give robots personalities will interactions with robots seem more normal and personalized?

Robots are machines resembling a human being and able to replicate certain human movements and functions automatically. So no technically we can’t give robots personality but we can replicate them. By taking traits of extroverted or introverted people and programming the robots to act and respond accordingly to certain personalities. For example if a robot was approached by an extroverted person and can intake the ques of loud, confident, and engaging in conversation they may respond by also raising their voice and continuing the conversation and socially engage in other small talk as well. Whereas for example an introvert approaching a robot may seem timid, low in voice, and avoid direct eye contact the robot could also tone down themselves and not engage in any other conversation besides ones pertaining to the service that robot may be offering. 

Although some people just don’t take well to robots. In the study, The Law of Attraction in Human- Robot Interaction ” we find that some people were just uncomfortable talking to the personalized robots at all. In this study people were matched by personality to a robot of similar personality as well as a robot with opposing personality. Important to note that these robots do have facial expressions which is a huge part in making robots more personable as well as closer to showing emotions. When introverts were paired with both robots the introverts were drawn to the introverted robot whereas when the extroverts were paired with both robots they were more drawn to the extroverted robot. 

As of right now robots have personality capabilities but can not switch from introverted to extroverted when programmed. Meaning once a robot is an “extrovert” it will stay like that and won’t be able to switch its personality if faced with an introvert. This however is the same as humans. In your everyday life you come across people of opposing personalities and you manage to navigate through conversations with them, so is robot personality necessary, no. But as the study on human- robot interaction found, people were more comfortable and relaxed when interacting with people like them, and uncomfortable when speaking to those not like them. So having robots with personalities like your own would make your everyday interactions more comfortable and bearable.

Introverts as anti-social beings would benefit more from this than extroverts. It is in an extroverted nature to be outgoing and conversate with anyone, even those like them. But introverts are people who struggle socializing and struggle talking to people who are social. If these introverted robots took the place of extroverted people, introverts would be more likely to interact because they feel more comfortable. Some Introverts describe their social interactions as giving them social anxiety. Social anxiety disorder is an intense, persistent fear of being watched and judged by others. This fear can affect work, school, and other daily activities.(National Institute of mental health)

Social anxiety in no way will be cured or fixed by this but it will drop the situations in which people feel socially anxiety. This however may backfire because there will also be extroverted robots around. In this case some will argue that we can put labels so people know which robot has which personality. This would eliminate most confusion other than those who are blind.

Robot- Human Interactions will benefit from robots with personalities, especially personalities similar to the human they are interacting with. Socializing with people similar to you is proven to be favored over people who aren’t like you which when applied to robots will give the same effect. These robots will make humans feel more comfortable in social interactions and help those who struggle in social environments feel less anxious about them. 

References

https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/social-anxiety-disorder-more-than-just-shyness

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.5772/50228

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/

https://www.dictionary.com

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Causal Rewrite- Pinkheart84

Posted on March 6, 2023 by pinkheart84

Late-Night Media Use Disrupts Sleep

The internet is a very powerful and impulsive environment for teenagers. Most teenagers find it very difficult to turn off their electronics and not have the internet control them. Sleeping is a very important and necessary act that each person needs in their life. It is the body’s way of getting a reset button or charging through the night. The internet is causing insomnia to teenagers who obsessively use their smartphones. Insomnia disorder is very common in adolescents. Using technology like smartphones, computers, and TV before going to bed can make it extremely hard to fall asleep. This can cause serious issues to teenagers and may overall become a bad habit and sleeping disorder. When technology interferes with our sleep process, it can allow us to lose the sleep we are supposed to have. Teenagers will begin to see an improvement of their energy and how their mind is if they get a good night’s sleep. 

First thing to remember, the usage of phones before bed can make your brain think of so many other things rather than sleep. Some teens may admit that they have issues falling asleep at night but will refuse to say that social media is the cause of it. An article was written by Fran Molloy, who is an author and journalist. She mentions the issues that can be caused by overusing technology at night and the affect it has on people’s brains. Fran Molloy interviewed sleep specialists to receive their thoughts and opinions on this topic. She brings in a doctor’s point of view, Dr. Wayne Warburton, who is an Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology. He states that, “using mobile phones in bed sends ‘mixed messages’ to your brain.” This simply can be the reason why most peoples brains are so stimulated and not relaxed after bed. For the most part, social media is not allowing people to receive the rest that they need because they are so addicted to their smartphones. Teens will need to understand the consequences of not receiving enough sleep because eventually this will severely affect their brain.

In particular, internet use before bed will cause lack of sleep and can turn into insomnia. This is a common sleep disorder that will make it hard for someone to fall asleep or stay asleep. Jean Twenge is a psychologist who advocates for teens to use less technology and believes it is draining for these young people. She complicates the matter further when she writes, “In just the four years from 2012 to 2015, 22 percent more teens failed to get seven hours of sleep. The increase is suspiciously timed, once again starting around when most teens got a smartphone.” This shows that once teens are old enough to receive unlimited technology access, their sleep time begins to decrease. Teens would rather scroll through their social media and stay up texting their friends, rather than get a good night’s rest. 

Similarly, the internet is creating an obsessive and reliable place for teens to distract themselves with. Twenge actually started doing interviews with teenagers to see how deep this theory really was. Come to find out, most teens “checked social media right before they went to sleep, and reached for their phone as soon as they woke up in the morning.” This clearly means that teens are limiting their sleep and using their smartphones as an obsessive comfort source by constantly checking their media and scrolling through multiple apps and platforms. When a person is keeping their phone next to them or on them while they sleep, it may cause lack of sleep because this is a constant distraction. According to Twenge, “Nearly all slept with their phone, putting it under their pillow, on the mattress, or at the very least within arm’s reach of the bed.” Twenge believes the teens that were interviewed are obsessed with their phones and that those who sleep with it after using it see it as a sort of “comfort”. Initially this will cause bad habits and insomnia to people who continue to overuse their phone at night.

Furthermore, teens are deeply attached to their electronics and can seriously damage their sleep schedules. Insomnia is not something that teens should have to experience or go through. Nowadays teens are using their phones like crazy and becoming dependent on it. Sarah Rose Cavanagh is a psychologist and author who talks about the significance of teens separating themselves from their smartphones. She states, “Yes, we should put down our phones once in a while and take a walk in the damn woods.” This quote is a perfect example to show that not only is staring at a screen before bed genuinely unhealthy but if teens would get the sleep they need, they would be a lot more energized and able to do different things rather than staring at their smartphones all day and night.

To sum up, there is no question that technology is ruining sleep for many people. The internet is a very arguable topic because people don’t want to give up their electronics. Insomnia affects not only the mind, but also our bodies in all different ways. In this generation, and many others, teenagers have become fixated on using social media and the internet before bed. For most of them, it is already a habit that they don’t even realize they’re doing. The constant notifications, buzzes, alerts, and other noises from the phone is a huge distraction when laying in bed trying to fall asleep. And with that, people will want to check their phones after ever noise which will be nonstop and this can be deeply disrupting the time that they have to sleep. Social media and the internet itself is shown to be a struggle for people to let go of. Good sleep habits can help prevent insomnia, but those who stay up late on the internet will see that the lack of sleep is only hurting themselves. 

References 

Molloy, Fran. (2019, April). Do mobile phones affect your sleep?. The Lighthouse. https://lighthouse.mq.edu.au/article/please-explain/do-mobile-phones-affect-your-sleep

Twenge, J. (2017, September). Have Smartphones Destroyed a Generation?. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/09/has-the-smartphone-destroyed-a-generation/534198/

Cavanagh, S.R (2017, August). No, Smartphones are Not Destroying a Generation. Psychology Today. 

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/once-more-feeling/201708/no-smartphones-are-not-destroying-generation

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