Class 22 THU APR 06
Riddle
A Quick Edit
Due to the fitness industry being built on deceit, our youth’s future is being jeopardized by these false “influencers.” Our kids are in imminent physical and mental harm due to the spread of misinformation and the intentional advertisement of dangerous substances.
Let’s turn these passive sentences into bold claims by choosing the best Subjects and the most Robust verbs.
Sources Unit
Sources Workshop Number 2
Responsive to Student X’s trouble finding academic sources
Located in Course Documents/Research Tips/Sources Workshop
Rebuttal Unit
For the sake of practice, let’s assume you are strongly in favor of nuclear power as an alternative to burning fossil fuels. Nuclear doesn’t burn petroleum, coal, or natural gas. It doesn’t emit carbon dioxide or methane. It is, by comparison to many alternatives, a clean and sustainable fuel for producing electricity. You’re writing a paper to promote new investment in nuclear power plants.
In your research, you run across an article by Bob Herbert in the New York Times that concerns you. Herbert sounds pretty knowledgeable, and you know he speaks compellingly for opponents of nuclear power in the US. How can you USE HIS ARTICLE in your Rebuttal Argument?
Does he make mistakes of logic? Does he apply his evidence inappropriately? Does he complain of cost overruns that don’t actually result in overly expensive power? Does he concentrate on one or two objections and ignore all the advantages of nuclear power? Does he set up a false choice between two options when there are other alternatives?
Read the article now:
If you encounter a paywall, find the full text (and more!) at:
- Rebuttal Practice: A Price Too High?
Writing Skills
Take-Home Exercises
- Revisions—Magical Dependency
- Editing for Logic
Next Portfolio Task
- Task: Rebuttal Argument: My Worthy Opponent Is Wrong!
- DUE THU APR 13 (11:59PM WED APR 12)
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Counterintuitive Spring 2023 
Good explanation of the Rebuttal argument: Invite smartest person who disagrees with you into the argument
3/3
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We started class by talking about whether or not fate is real, looked at examples, and decided if they sounded like they were written to believe in fate. Then we discussed sentence structure and the way we can communicate clearly and be more helpful with barely any more words. Then we went over how to find viable sources starting from a very politicizing issue and continuing to find nonbias resources. We began our rebuttal preparation.
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QR, you’ve never followed my suggestion that the value of class Notes is to identify not the Subject Matter (that’s clear from the Agenda), but the lesson, the technique, the skill, the takeaway. You say discussed how to write better sentences and find nonbiased sources, but no reader of your Notes would come away better informed about how to write better sentences or conduct research.
3/4
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First, we discussed a riddle about fate, and whether or not it could be real. We looked at 4 similar scenarios and indicated which scenarios were an expression of belief in fate. Some statements show a belief in fate because they believe it was out of their control and was planned so that their life would take a certain course. But other statements put more blame and responsibility on the people, and that it is not out of their control.
We then analyzed a statement, “It’s helpful to have a schedule,” and discussed how we could make the sentence more clear. For example, “Self-schedulers relieve their anxiety about the future” is more clear about its point but it also takes a few extra words.
We did a similar analysis an edit to a 2 sentence claim that uses passive verbs without being clear about the people doing the actions. The sentences introduce claims without making it clear about the specific actions or people committing them, so it is hard to understand what they are saying on a first read.
If we have trouble finding sources, especially on a recent topic that will only bring up news articles when searched, we can use signal phrases to find academic sources on the topic. We may not find sources that are about a specific recent incident, but we can find sources that are still completely relevant to the topic at hand.
For our writing, we should consider rebuttal arguments when writing our own argument. For example, if you are writing a paper in favor of nuclear power and there is someone that makes claims against nuclear power, you should research their claims and mention them so that you can prove them wrong. If you ignore them, people will still have the rebuttal argument in the back of their minds to combat your argument.
We looked at an article by Bob Herbert which is against the use of nuclear power. His article mentions rebuttal arguments many times and then states his own opinion about the topic with his own evidence. We should consider the other argument when writing instead of just dismissing it by saying it doesn’t have enough evidence, or we don’t believe it. Our evidence usually should be enough to refute the argument.
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Beautiful Notes, Music. They describe the content of the class that can’t be learned by reading through the daily Agenda. Reading your Notes, I learn not just what topics were covered but what advice was given, what lessons you drew from the examples. Writing Notes like these probably also impresses the lessons on your memory.
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– Fate can be seen in different lights by different people depending upon your beliefs and your past experiences.
– A six-word sentence can be a waste of space, but an 8-word sentence can change your paragraph entirely.
– The burning of the flag almost became a part of the constitution as a part of freedom of speech, even though it was a physical and not verbal action.
– Just because you stated that your opponent’s article does not prove anything to you, does not mean that you are right.
– It may help to have a known source as a rebuttal argument, but it is not necessary.
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– A six-word sentence can be a waste of space, but an 8-word sentence can change your paragraph entirely.
The sentences don’t appear in the Agenda. Some examples:
1. Six words: It helps to have a schedule.
2. Six words: Self-schedulers worry less about the future.
3. Eight words: Self-schedulers accomplish more than those who “wing it.”
– Just because you stated that your opponent’s article does not prove anything to you, does not mean that you are right.
I’m glad to see this lesson point. “Insufficient Evidence” is never a decisive rebuttal.
4/4
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– Fate is something that is suppose to happen no matter what choice you make.
– “Everything happens for a reason” is a common saying that people use when bad things happen, especially by people who believe God, the kind of people that believe that God has everything under control and he knows best, and that whatever happens is for the greater good.
-Saying “It’ helpful to have a schedule” is an ok sentence, but it is not specific enough. What is the definition of “It”? For WHO is the schedule helpful for? A better sentence would be “Self schedulers have shown to relieve stress” because it clearly shows who it is that the schedules are helpful to and HOW it helps them.
– In a rebuttal, you want to try to address the opponent and prove them wrong. Admit that there are a couple of good points, but that you won’t change your mind because of other, more important points to counteract.
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-Saying “It’ helpful to have a schedule” is an ok sentence, but it is not specific enough. What is the definition of “It”? For WHO is the schedule helpful for? A better sentence would be “Self schedulers have shown to relieve stress” because it clearly shows who it is that the schedules are helpful to and HOW it helps them.
An even better sentence would be
because it replaces the very weak “have shown” verb with “relieve.”
4/4
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For today’s lecture the phrase “everything happens for a reason” was discussed and whether it is real or you have free will to do anything and the outcome won’t be predetermined. We then make edits on a sentence regarding the fitness industry, and false influencers we establish the keywords in the sentence are “future”, “false Influence”, and “Advertisement of dangerous substances”. You would rewrite it to be future is jeopardized by false influencers spreadings misinformation and advertising dangerous substances. We look at Bob Herbert’s essay if we were to disprove him and we say that he didn’t provide enough evidence to convince us. If we are going to say that he didn’t provide the evidence we would have enough evidence to counter his claim and disprove it.
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For today’s lecture the phrase “everything happens for a reason” was discussed and whether it is real or you have free will to do anything and the outcome won’t be predetermined.
—So what?
—Was the lesson convey a useful thinking or writing skill?
We then make edits on a sentence regarding the fitness industry, and false influencers we establish the keywords in the sentence are “future”, “false Influence”, and “Advertisement of dangerous substances”. You would rewrite it to be future is jeopardized by false influencers spreadings misinformation and advertising dangerous substances.
—Not so. You would rewrite it to replace passive verbs with active verbs (is jeopardized by with endangers for example).
So: False influencers ENDANGER our kids by SPREADING misinformation and ADVERTISING dangerous substances.
We look at Bob Herbert’s essay if we were to disprove him and we say that he didn’t provide enough evidence to convince us. If we are going to say that he didn’t provide the evidence we would have enough evidence to counter his claim and disprove it.
—We can definitely complain that Bob Herbert provides Insufficient Evidence, but our rebuttal prevails ONLY IF we provide some evidence of our own, as you say. Is that what you meant?
3/4
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The opening of today’s lecture A Riddle about Fate, includes an (un)intended(?) visual reference to the 2004 Japanese PC game, Fate/Stay Night, and the multimedia franchise it has spawned in the following 19 years. The woman photographed at the beginning of the lecture is wearing a costume of one of the main characters of the series, Saber, who is also King Arthur (yes, in lore, King Arthur was actually a woman).
The actual debate about fate, as opposed to one visual reference, outlines more along the idea of whether humans have free will, or if they have a fate which is inescapable. Some students accept the idea of fate, with the idea that “whatever happens, happens”. Other students rejected the notion of fate outright, aggressively asserting that those who say “everything happens for a reason” following a tragedy were “callous” and “sick in the head”. Uncalled for, assuredly. Civil discussion is often the first casualty of an argument which invokes long held grudges.
The next section covered some quick edits to a paragraph to make its sentences stronger and more robust. Following this, we moved to a discussion on how to find sources.
The next section, the rebuttal unit, covers the debate surrounding the construction of nuclear power plants. It uses a 2011 opinion column by Bob Herbert to illustrate how to argue against a respected figure who disagrees with your position.
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My reference was intentional but uninformed.
The polite knife draws more blood.
How did we make those sentences stronger and more robust or find sources?
Why choose a respected figure?
4/4
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-Regardless of the choices one makes, fate is something that is bound to happen.
-When bad things happen, some people who believe in God often say “Everything happens for a reason,” trusting that God is in control and that there is a greater purpose behind what occurs.
-Saying “It’s helpful to have a schedule” lacks specificity. A more precise sentence would be “Self-schedulers experience reduced stress levels,” as it clearly identifies who benefits from having a schedule and how it helps them.
-In a rebuttal argument, acknowledging a few valid points made by the opponent is essential
-Emphasize that other more critical points counteract them, and therefore, one’s stance remains unaltered.
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Beautiful description of the Rebuttal process, PhilsFan!
Also, this is very nice: -Saying “It’s helpful to have a schedule” lacks specificity. A more precise sentence would be “Self-schedulers experience reduced stress levels,” as it clearly identifies who benefits from having a schedule and how it helps them.
5/4
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-The riddle resulted in the understanding that belief in fate is subjective
-The “It’s helpful to have a schedule” discussion help me grasp a better understanding of how to make my claims more specific and definitive
-A Quick Edit: Don’t use passive verbs, but make bold and specific claims
-Sources Unit: Use academic terminology and Google Scholar
-Sources Unit: Use signal phrases to avoid popular sources
-Sources Unit: Look for depth in academic sources
-Rebuttal Unit: Prove your opponents wrong and address their work first and head on
-Rebuttal Unit: For my essay understand that my definition of “best wave” is different from my opponent
-Rebuttal Unit: Need more than just claiming insufficient evidence by providing evidence of your own
-Rebuttal Unit: Claim that opponent has inconclusive evidence requires you to properly explain the evidence and show how it does not work for your opponent
-Rebuttal Unit: Stacking the Deck argument states that author suppresses evidence against you, but this is insufficient as you would need to supply the evidence that opponent fails to mention
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I love that your Notes reveal lessons learned, RS, and that they specifically apply to your own work.
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Fate is something that is going to happen.
Everything happens for a reason because God makes them happen. God and faith are connected.
“It’s helpful to have a schedule” is a reasonable claim but not specific enough. Self schedulers benefit from it because they make sure things get done. “Self schedulers relieve their anxiety about the future.” 7 words that identifies whose schedule and who benefits from it. The starting sentence didn’t tell us anything.
In a rebuttal argument, address the opponent.
Just because you stated that your opponent’s article does not prove anything to you, does not mean that you are right.
Show evidence!!
Rebuttal argument due Monday night.
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Very nice Notes, PinkHeart
4/4
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RIDDLE
What is fate?
Your destiny is something you have no control over
Even if you choose to do whatever you want regardless of the consequences, that was a decision that could have been your fate.
“EVERYTHING HAPPENS FOR A REASON”
Does this quote indicate a belief in fate?
FATE EXERCISE
1. Zed is not referring to fate in the circumstances, however he is asking for the reason as to why Jay was driving recklessly.
2. Kay is a believer of fate. kay saw this horrible accident as reason to stop drinking and be more responsible
3. Jay is not referring to fate. Jay is looking at the situation from a religious point of view.
4. This is not fate, this is being thankful for a bad situation because it gave you a great outcome.
POWERFUL CLAIM
Claims with “it” in it is not very powerful
Ex: “it’s helpful to have a schedule.”
Powerful claim
Ex: self schedulers relieve their anxiety about the future.
*identified- Who makes the schedule and who benefits
*MAKE SURE YOU KNOW WHO THE SUBJECT IS
WHITE PAPER
Finding new paths for your white paper to search so you do not get repetitive information
REBUTTAL
*do not argue against yourself
Find a strong opponent that you can make a strong case against
*find most authoritative source you can argue
*find flaws you can exploit
offer a slightly more compelling argument
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Brilliant.
5/4
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– Fate is a difficult thing and everyone kind of has different beliefs about it. Some believe “everything happens for a reason” and the choices they make will not change our fate.
– “It’s helpful to have a schedule” is not a very good claim. Starting a claim out with “It’s” is one reason it makes it not a good claim because we do not know why or who a schedule would be helpful for. A better argument would be “Self-schedulers relieve their anxiety about the future.” This tells you exactly who will benefit and how they will benefit.
– Make sure you make the subject of your argument clear!
– For your rebuttal argument you want to try and find a strong argument to rebuke.
– Look over the Rebuttal Practice on your own
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Great Notes, Sunflower.
4/4
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Apr 6
Fate is destiny. You’re able to change it by your choice but on the other side if going with that idea of destiny your choices are not useful. With the riddle the 3rd part is definitely a call of fate as he is going with what God has planned for and that
It’s helpful to have a schedule: It is too vague of a claim. What is “it”? We don’t know what “it” is referring to. It means Having a schedule is helpful. Self Schedulers relieve their anxiety for the future.
Quick edit: Doesn’t states the claims boldly and uses passive verbs
You want to rebut a strong source that way it is able to be a good rebut. You need to show a slightly better argument.
My worthy opponent is due Thursday
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OK
4/4
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A Riddle About Fate: Everything Happens for a Reason
We looked over four different scenarios and we had to see which ones showed a belief in fate to our conclusions.
We looked at the statement, “It’s helpful to have a schedule.” The sentence isn’t necessarily clear… Why is the schedule helpful?
“Self-schedulers relive their anxiety about the future” This sentence is a better way to say the previous statement. This new sentence shows WHO the schedules are for and WHY it is helpful.
Rebuttal Practice: In any rebuttal piece, you want to prove the opponent wrong. We should acknowledge a few points the opponent made, but we should emphasize that there are more important points that can be made that rebut our opponents claims.
You can make any idea and make it persuasive.
We briefly went over different types of Rebuttals (that we will look more into with our own time:
-Insufficient Evidence Rebuttal
-Irrelevant Evidence Rebuttal
-Inconclusive Evidence Rebuttal
-Stacking the Deck Rebuttal
-False Analogy Rebuttal
-False Choice Rebuttal
Rebuttal Argument is due 11:59 Apr. 12.
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Good
4/4
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We went over a riddle about fate.
Going over how to find the best sources for your work.
Showing sufficient evidence for a rebuttal argument.
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Attended.
2/4
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– Fate: Fate is always going to happen regardless on some choices
– “Everything happens for a reason” is said by people when bad or good things happen, it is often said by people who believes in god
-Try focusing on the effect of what your actual claim is.
– Try to make sentences more precise instead of having them vague with no meaning
– Make sure that you have strong points in the rebuttal argument and make the sentences support to have strong meanings.
– You also want to include your opponents point of view (strong) but make sure that your point is stronger.
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Yep
3/4
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Class Notes 4/6:
-The riddle on fate was interesting but ultimately resulted in the fact that it is up to each individual to believe what they want about fate/destiny.
-The “It’s helpful to have a schedule.” sentence made me realize how to improve claims. For instance, this. sentence can be drastically improved by simply changing a few things around while keeping the same point. Example: “People who keep schedules are more organized and productive.” Now it’s established what having a schedule does and why people should in just one sentence.
-In the rebuttal argument, the goal is to find a source that opposes your points and prove them wrong. You can point out some good ideas they have but it shouldn’t effect the way you view the argument and you need to make sure that the good points in your side of the argument outweigh theirs.
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Just so. Preponderance of the evidence.
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-When writing start with your subject, get right into it
-Find a strong opponent that refutes you because beating a weak opponent is not impressive
-All you have to do is offer up a more compelling argument when refuting
-It’s like poker, you can’t just take all the money if your opponent has a bad hand, you still have to show evidence that your hand is better
-We can’t always be intimidated by our opponents
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Love these Notes.
4/4
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Riddle of fate: If we really said here was fate, then there really wasn’t a choice. However your attitude towards your choices is relevant. We all have different beliefs on the what the word “fate” means. The same phrase “everything happens for a reason” can be used in different context and have different meaning depending on how the individual’s outlook on the situation
Quick Edit
Make sure you know who your subject is in your sentence.
Rebuttal Unit: We need to find the most recognizable argument and it makes our argument more captivating to the audiences when we have a worthy opponent well known and authorial. We want to find a reputational author who probably has acknowledge our side that declare or find some base to declare that we should not be in favor of our argument.
All you have to is have a more compelling argument than your opponent. You need to find The evidences that is include are at exclusive to the argument that your opponent is making. Ask yourself is the evidence that is being used contributing well to your opponent’s argument.
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Nice ideas inside your garbled grammar, IA!
This one is a classic: 🙂
4/4
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We begin class by going over a riddle about fate and how it is up to yourself to decide whether to believe in fate or not. Following this we went over how to find the best source and using it properly. Structuring your claims properly is also something we went over in class, and this will help clear up information you are presenting in your paper. Rebuttal argument is due next Thursday.
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—Buy WHY, Fulcrum? To argue about Fate? Or to make a point about Rhetoric and using language precisely?
—But how do you find the best source, Fulcrum? And use it properly? Your Notes should hint at solutions, tips, lessons, not topics or questions.
—But, how will you know from this Note even one technique for structuring a claim?
—Good
3/4
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Today, we first discussed the riddle about fate and that basically everything happens for a reason. I strongly believe that this is true. Even with the little things like running late for work, maybe leaving the house earlier meant something bad would have happened on the way to work and by being late it was prevented. Everyone has different beliefs of “fate” and it’s meaning. We were also shown how to properly do our rebuttal argument, how to use evidence to support our argument.
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I don’t understand, Blueeee.
I think about this, too. But it doesn’t help me believe in Fate.
I’d welcome a discussion. 🙂
3/4
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Source unit: When finding sources, looking at the sources you have and looking at their sources can help you get more sources. Plus thinking a little out of the box with your sources such as “flag burning” and “first Amendment” for Kneeling during the Anthem in the NFL.
Rebuttal unit: Use your source’s mistakes against them. You want to have strong points and strong arguments in your essay.
Rebuttal argument is due April 13th!
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Good enough.
3/4
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A Riddle About Fate: If we say that there is fate, we can’t really say that we are making a choice. “Everything Happens for a Reason” – Does this quote indicate a belief in fate? Sometimes it does and sometimes it doesn’t.
In-Class Exercise on Fate:
1. This is not an expression of a belief in fate because Jay causes a traffic accident that wounds others, so it is just causal.
2. This is an expression of a belief in fate because she is expressing that the accident occurred for the purpose of turning her life around.
3. This is an expression of a belief in fate because he believes that whatever occurs in his life is God’s will, so in a way, God and fate are connected.
4. This is not an expression of a belief in fate because they just worked hard to become influential, and there is no luck involved, which is causal.
There are really clear, powerful claims, and there are nebulous claims.
“It’s helpful to have a schedule.” – This is an unclear claim because when we read it, we don’t know what “it” is. We were told that “it” is having a schedule. A better, more clear sentence would be, “Self-schedulers relieve their anxiety about the future.”
We have to first figure out the actual subject of the sentence. The subject of the sentence from above would be, a person who makes a schedule for herself.
A Quick Edit: We turn these passive sentences into bold claims by choosing the best subjects and the most robust verbs. We take the verbs and relate them back to the “influencers”. We have to make a point, and make sure who our subject is. We have to first establish the subject. We are focusing on turning the nouns into active verbs that the actual subject of the sentence can actually do.
Searching for sources: if we are having trouble finding more sources related to our topic, we can examine the sources, find the signal phrases, and find the academic terminology, so we get different results, and not just the same sources every time.
Rebuttal Argument: We have to look for a source to refute. We are looking for the most authoritative source that we can find to refute because it looks better on our end if we can beat a really good argument. This makes a better argument, and we will persuade the readers even more if we can beat, as well as, prove that we beat a really good argument by providing evidence.
We have to see if we can find flaws, in these good arguments, that we can exploit.
We have to offer up a slightly more compelling argument than the one that we just read. We have to provide evidence to prove that ours is better, we can’t just state that ours is better than theirs without any evidence or proof.
We have to point out certain things that distinguish their argument from ours.
The Rebuttal Argument is due next Thursday.
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If you’re the only student who SUDDENLY understands the meaning of this little writing lesson, my semester is successful:
HOW TO WRITE:
1. In your Idea, Someone Does Something.
2. Make whoever Does Something the Subject of your Sentence.
3. Make whatever your Subject Does the Verb.
4. Make whatever happens the Object of your Sentence.
4/4
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Rebuttal Argument:
-look for the strongest argument against your thesis, and completely invalidate it
-the strongest counterargument is not always the exact opposite to yours
-challenge arguments directly from your source, don’t distort their argument in any way, or make up their argument
-examples of effective rebuttals: Nuclear Power Rebuttal Argument
-due midnight April 12th, categorized in Rebuttal and Portfolio
A Price Too High
-rather than calling out a lack of evidence, provide evidence counter to their point
-if their evidence seems irrelevant, prove their argument is making a different claim that doesn’t impact yours
-if theres any information that the author leaves out, call them out on it
False Analogy: when encountering an inaccurate analogy, explain which specific piece of the analogy makes it bad
False Choice: presented with two options, it’s a good idea to dismiss the two by offering a third option, rather than merely asserting there are other options
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Brilliant Notes, Tristan!
5/4
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-fate is subjective
-claims should be precise and direct
-make sure you choose words that are strong
-your sources should be academic and you should find the deeper meaning to all your sources
-Rebuttal Unit: prove your opponent to be wrong and take down a worthy opponent. recognize everyone has different definitions for different words.
-provide your own evidence don’t just shoot your opponents down.
– discredit their evidence
– provide the evidence that your opponent doesn’t mention
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